南昌汉代海昏侯墓出土金器定名的再探讨——以汉武帝更圆饼形金名“麟趾”为中心  

Re-discussion on the Naming of Gold Wares Unearthed from the Han Dynasty Tomb of Marquis Haihun in Nanchang--Centered on Emperor Wu of Han Changing the Name of the Round-cake-shaped Gold to"Linzhi"

作　　者：赵明 Zhao Ming

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学海昏历史文化研究中心南方汉代历史文化研究中心

出　　处：《南方文物》2024年第5期144-158,共15页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“海昏侯墓考古发掘与历史文化资料整理研究”(项目编号:16@ZH022);江西省社会科学规划一般项目“江西汉代重要文物与湖南汉代重要文物比较研究”(项目编号:22WT80)。

摘　　要：汉武帝太始二年(公元前95年)诏书更黄金名为二:一是麟趾,一是褭蹄。但是,在海昏侯墓出土的金器有平板形、兽蹄形和圆饼形3种。除去作为黄金制品制作备用的平板形黄金“金板”之外,此后朝廷制式黄金制品只有两大类,即兽蹄形金器和圆饼形的金器,符合太始二年诏书所述以改名后的黄金班赐给诸侯的“麟趾”和“褭蹄”。其中,圆饼形金器有385件,结合谭家乡等地出土的同类金器,存世总量约在600件以上,都符合汉代一斤重的圆形饼金形态,有校重、戳记、冰裂纹、刻画字符和人工锤击痕迹,显然具有特殊意义。结合文献考订,海昏侯墓出土的圆饼形金当定名为“麟趾”,可称之为“麟趾金”或“金麟趾”。与“褭蹄金”象征着往生升天的含义相匹配,“麟趾金”象征着王族子孙昌盛,延绵不绝。In the second year of Taishi reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty(95B.C.),the imperial edict renamed gold into two types:one was"Linzhi"(unicorn's hoof),and the other was"Niaoti"(horse-hoof-shaped).However,among the gold article unearthed from the Haihunhou Tomb,there are three shapes:flat-plate-shaped,beast-hoof-shaped and round-cake-shaped.Excluding the flat-plateshaped gold"gold plate"which was prepared for making gold products,there were only two major categories of gold products in the imperial court's standard format afterwards,namely beast-hoofshaped gold wares and round-cake-shaped gold wares,which conformed to the"Linzhi"and"Niaoti"of the renamed gold bestowed on the vassal lords as described in the imperial edict of the second year of Taishi reign.Among them,there are 385 round-cake-shaped gold wares.Combined with the similar gold wares unearthed in Tanjiaxiang and other places,the total number of extant ones is about more than 600 pieces.All of them conform to the shape of the round-cake-shaped gold weighing 1 jin in the Han Dynasty.They have marks of weight checking,stamps,ice-crack patterns,carved characters and artificial hammering marks,obviously having special significance.Combined with the textual research of historical documents,the round-cake-shaped gold unearthed from the Tomb of Haihun Marquis should be named"Linzhi",which can be called"Linzhi Jin"or"Jin Linzhi".Matching the meaning that"Niaoti Jin"symbolizes the ascension to heaven after death,"Linzhi Jin"symbolizes the prosperity and continuity of the royal descendants.

关 键 词：金饼 麟趾金 海昏侯墓 圆饼形金 

分 类 号：K876.43[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K871.41[历史地理—历史学]