江西汉墓出土车马出行画像砖——以车马画像研究为例  

Bricks with Portraits of Chariots and Horses Traveling Unearthed from Han Tombs in Jiangxi--Taking the Study on Portraits of Chariots and Horses as an Example

作　　者：杨怡 Yang Yi

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院南方汉代历史文化研究中心

出　　处：《南方文物》2024年第5期185-193,205,共10页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：江西省社会科学“十四五”基金项目“汉代江西地区出土画像砖(石)资料整理与研究”(项目编号:24WT24)的研究成果之一。

摘　　要：车马出行图在汉画像砖中较为常见,是汉代车驾的真实写照。目前,学界关于汉代画像砖的研究成果较为丰硕,但是对于江西地区出土的画像砖研究着墨甚少。赣州市博物馆、樟树市博物馆等地都藏有江西汉墓出土的车马出行画像砖。从画像砖的侧面模印来看,多为一马一车的双轮轺车,车上立一伞状无帷的车盖。车驾前常有荷戟开道或骑马的伍伯,车驾后有随从护卫。乘车者通常是汉代的官吏,即墓主。从车马出行图可以发现,汉代轺车通常为一马或两马双靷的胸带式系驾法。车驾向左或向右呈奔走状,与汉代人观念世界中的西王母和东王公有较为密切的联系。车马出行画像砖为我们研究两汉时期江西地区的车驾与交通提供了珍贵的文物资料。The picture of chariot and horse travel is common in the Han Dynasty picture brick,which is the true portrayal of the driving of the Han Dynasty.At present,the research results of Han Dynasty picture bricks are abundant,but there are few studies on the unearthed picture bricks in Jiangxi.Ganzhou Museum,Zhangshu Museum and other places have a collection of Jiangxi Han tomb unearthed chariot and horse traveling picture bricks.Judging from the side impressions of the picture bricks,most of them are double wheels of a Yaoche with an umbrella,amorous cover.Before the car is a person with a weapon to open the way or horse Wubo,the car behind the escort.The passengers are officials of the Han Dynasty or the tomb owners.The picture of chariot and horse travel shows that Yaoche with one or two horses connecting her was a chest strap.Running left or right is closely related to the West Queen Mother and East prince in the concept world of Han Dynasty.The picture bricks of chariot and horse travel provide valuable cultural relics for us to study the driving and traffic in Jiangxi area during the Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：江西汉墓 画像砖 车马出行图 

分 类 号：K871.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]