国内外农业高水平对外开放的做法、经验与启示——兼论云南农业对外开放的破解路径  

The Measures,Experience and Enlightenment of High-level Agricultural Opening-up—Analyzing the Cracking Path of Yunnan’s Agricultural Opening-up

作　　者：李冬梅[1] 牛拗 王雪娇 LI Dongmei;NIU Niu;WANG Xuejiao

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所,昆明650205 [2]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872

出　　处：《世界农业》2025年第1期44-55,共12页World Agriculture

基　　金：中国工程院云南省政府2022年院地合作项目“新发展格局下云南农业对外开放发展战略研究”(2022YNYB2);云南省云岭学者人才专项(YNWR-YLXZ-2019-013);云南农业发展智库建设(NK202301);云南省科技厅创新引导与科技型企业培育计划“科技支撑云南产业强省建设的思路、重点及对策研究——科技赋能云南强省‘七个专项行动’实施成效、问题及对策”(202304AL030013)。

摘　　要：总结国内外农业对外开放的经验,为云南持续推进高水平农业对外开放提供有力的依据。本文基于云南和其他地区的共性和差异,比较分析和总结归纳了山东、新疆和广东三个中国省份以及日本和欧盟两个发达经济体在农业对外开放的主要做法和可取经验,在此基础上提出破解云南农业对外开放的发展路径。研究发现:第一,农业对外开放共同之处在于注重从产品的生产到销售全过程的全产业链,其中生产端改进上推行标准化生产、优化资本投入结构、延长产业链长度,而出口端改进上加强国际宣传、降低出口风险;第二,国内外地区注重依据自身的资源禀赋和发展阶段适时调整具体做法,如新疆注重构建高质量差异化初级产品,日本则更注重发展高质量农产品加工业。云南应基于自身独特的资源和区位特征,将发展目标集中在优质特色的产品上,并基于全产业链视角制定合理的发展规划;重视农产品加工业,延长产业链,提升农产品附加值,打通经济发展的堵点,为持续高质量发展提供强大的推力。This paper summarizes the experience of agricultural opening-up at home and abroad,and provides a strong empirical basis for Yunnan province to continuously promote high-level agricultural opening-up.Based on the similarities and differences between Yunnan and other regions,this paper compares and summarizes the main practices and desirable experiences of Shandong,Xinjiang and Guangdong provinces and two developed economies of Japan and the European Union in agriculture opening-up.On this basis,the development path of opening-up agriculture in Yunnan province is proposed.Firstly,the common feature of opening up of agriculture is that they focus on the entire industry chain from the production of products to the whole process of sales,in which the production side improves the implementation of standardized production,optimizes the structure of capital inputs,and lengthens the length of the industry chain;and the export side improves the enhancement of international publicity and the reduction of export risks.Secondly,domestic and foreign regions pay attention to adjusting the specific practices in accordance with their own resource endowment and stage of development in a timely manner.For example,Xinjiang pays attention to the construction,Xinjiang focuses on building high-quality differentiated primary products,while Japan pays more attention to the development of high-quality agricultural processing industry.Based on its own unique resources and location characteristics,Yunnan province should focus its development goals on high-quality and characteristic products,and formulate reasonable development plans based on the perspective of the entire industrial chain.In addition,it should also pay attention to the agricultural product processing industry,extend the industrial chain,and improve the added value of agricultural products opens up the blocking points of economic development,so as to provide a strong driving force for sustained high-quality development.

关 键 词：全产业链 对外开放 附加值 农业 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] F327