5A06铝合金变厚度板充液拉深变形与应力分析  

Hydroforming deformation and stress analysis of 5A06 aluminum alloy plate with differential thickness

作　　者：莫琛 徐永超[1,2] 苑世剑[1,2] MO Chen;XU Yong-chao;YUAN Shi-jian(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;National Key Laboratory of Precision Hot Processing of Metals,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学金属精密国防热加工重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《塑性工程学报》2024年第12期44-51,共8页Journal of Plasticity Engineering

摘　　要：针对铝合金变厚度曲面件采用厚板旋压成形、再机械加工方法中存在的回弹大、易开裂问题,提出变厚度板拉深变形的成形方法,用于制造中间薄、外缘厚的整体椭球曲面构件。在变形过程中,变厚度板存在变形均匀性差、薄区易破裂的问题。针对该问题,采用充液拉深成形方法,并在铝合金板坯表面设置弹性垫板。通过力学解析和拉深变形实验,研究液压和弹性垫板对变厚度板充液拉深变形的影响规律,分析充液拉深过程中的“有益摩擦效应”。结果表明,采用液压成形和施加聚氨酯弹性垫板相结合的工艺方法,能够提高变厚度板的拉深成形能力,增加最大拉深深度,改善薄区壁厚分布。当液压为5 MPa,弹性垫板厚度为3 mm时,可获得最大减薄率为7%的变厚度椭球曲面构件。In view of the problems of large springback and easy to cracking in the spinning and machining of heavy plates of aluminum alloy curved part with differential thickness,the deep drawing forming method of plate with differential thickness was proposed to manufacture an integral ellipsoid component with a thin zone in the middle and a thick zone in the periphery.There are problems such as poor deformation uniformity and easy to fracture in thin zone during the deformation process of plate with differential thickness.To solve these problems,the hydroforming method was adopted,and an elastic auxiliary plate was set on the surface of aluminum plate.Through mechanical analysis and deep drawing experiments,the influence laws of hydraulic pressure and elastic auxiliary plate on the hydroforming of plates with differential thickness were studied,and the“beneficial friction effect”during hydroforming was analyzed.The results show that the combination process method of hydroforming and elastic auxiliary plate can improve the deep drawing formability of plate with differential thickness,increase the maximum drawing depth and improve the wall thickness distribution in the thin zone.When the hydraulic pressure is 5 MPa and the thick-ness of the elastic plate is 3 mm,an ellipsoid component with the maximum thickness thinning rate of 7%can be obtained.

关 键 词：铝合金 变厚度板 充液拉深 有益摩擦效应 壁厚分布 

分 类 号：TG306[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]