18Ni300模具钢SLM成形质量评价及工艺优化  

Quality evaluation and process optimization of selected laser melting for 18Ni300 die steel

作　　者：杨钦文[1] 仪传明 肖罡[1,2,3] 戴璐祎 李伟奇 YANG Qin-wen;YI Chuan-ming;XIAO Gang;DAI Lu-yi;LI Wei-qi(Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;Jiangxi Copper Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang 330096,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,湖南长沙410082 [2]江西铜业技术研究院有限公司,江西南昌330096 [3]湖南科技大学机电工程学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《塑性工程学报》2024年第12期90-97,共8页Journal of Plasticity Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075159);江西省自然科学基金杰出青年基金资助项目(20224ACB218002);江西省高层次高技能领军人才培养工程项目;湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ30019)。

摘　　要：采用选区激光熔化工艺(SLM)制备了18Ni300模具钢试样,通过定量分析激光功率、扫描间距和扫描速度等工艺参数对成形试样相对密度和表面粗糙度等成形质量指标的影响,提出了一种基于相对密度和表面粗糙度的成形质量评价方法,构建了多工艺参数对成形质量的预测模型,实现了基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的工艺参数多目标优化。结果表明:随着激光功率、扫描速度和扫描间距的增大,相对密度先增大后减小,表面粗糙度先减小后增大;工艺参数与相对密度和表面粗糙度属于非线性映射关系,结合方差分析和NSGA-Ⅱ算法确定了相对密度和表面粗糙度的Pareto最优解集;最优工艺参数(激光功率202.7 W、扫描速度909.1 mm·s^(-1)、扫描间距0.078 mm)下,试样相对密度为0.99、表面粗糙度为16.7μm、硬度为298.5 HV。The 18Ni300 steel samples were fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM).The effects of process parameters,such as laser power,hatch spacing and scanning speed on the relative density and surface roughness of the formed specimens were quantitatively ana-lyzed.A forming quality evaluation method based on relative density and surface roughness was proposed.The prediction model for form-ing quality based on multiple process parameters was constructed and the multi-objective optimization of process parameters based on NS-GA-II algorithm was also realized.The results show that as the laser power,scanning speed and hatch spacing increase,the relative den-sity increases first and then decreases,while the surface roughness decreases first and then increases.The relationship between process parameters and relative density and surface roughness exhibites a nonlinear mapping.The Pareto optimal solution sets of relative density and surface roughness were determined combining variance analysis and NSGA-II algorithm.Under the optimal process parameters(laser power of 202.7 W,scan speed of 909.1 mm·s^(-1),and hatch spacing of 0.078 mm),the relative density of the specimen is 99%,the surface roughness is 16.7μm,and the hardness is 298.5 HV.

关 键 词：18Ni300模具钢 选区激光熔化 质量评价 工艺优化 多目标优化 

分 类 号：TH162[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG146[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]