3种落叶栎植物功能性状在喀斯特和非喀斯特生境的异同  

Comparison of plant functional traits of three deciduous Quercus species growing at karst and non⁃karst habitats

作　　者：孙彰镁 汤松波 王淑 林谕彤 赖媛 邹滨 张蓉昀 肖以华[5] 旷远文[1,2] SUN Zhangmei;TANG Songbo;WANG Shu;LIN Yutong;LAI Yuan;ZOU Bin;ZHANG Rongyun;XIAO Yihua;KUANG Yuanwen(South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 516050,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Guangdong Dayaoshan Provincial Nature Reserve Management Office,Shaoguan 512200,China;Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物园,广州516050 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,上海200241 [4]广东大瑶山省级自然保护区管理处,韶关512200 [5]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广州510520

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第24期11317-11330,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：2021年省级生态公益林效益补偿资金项目。

摘　　要：栎属(Quercus)植物广泛分布于北半球从温带到热带森林中,并在喀斯特和非喀斯特生境中生长良好。探究落叶栎植物功能性状在喀斯特和非喀斯特生境间的差异,可以为揭示其对喀斯特生境的适应策略和喀斯特地区植被恢复树种的选择提供科学依据。以喀斯特和非喀斯特生境的栓皮栎(Q.variabilis)、麻栎(Q.acutissima)和白栎(Q.fabri)为对象,比较细胞水平上的气孔大小(SZ)、气孔长度(SL)、气孔密度(SD)、气孔孔隙指数(SPI),组织水平上的叶片厚度(LT)、上表皮厚度(AD)、下表皮厚度(AB)、栅栏组织比(PTR),叶片水平上的比叶面积(SLA)、叶片干物质含量(LDMC)和植物个体水平上的非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)、构建成本(L_(CC))和水分利用效率(iWUE)13个植物功能性状的异同及其与土壤、气候因子的关系。结果发现:(1)生境是3种落叶栎除AD和LDMC外的11种植物功能性状变异的主要来源,3种落叶栎SPI,LT,AB,PTR,SLA,NSC,L_(CC)和iWUE在喀斯特和非喀斯特生境间差异显著,且这种差异在树种间呈现非一致性;(2)两种生境下,落叶栎叶片水平的性状均与年均降雨量显著相关,但喀斯特生境下,落叶栎细胞、组织和植物个体水平的功能性状与年均降雨量、年均温、土壤总氮、总磷含量和土壤pH显著相关,非喀斯特生境下,这三个水平的功能性状与年均降雨量、年均温、土壤总氮、总磷含量显著相关;(3)13种植物功能性状间的关联性在两种生境下差异明显,在喀斯特生境下,落叶栎SPI-SD,AD-NSC,PTR-NSC,SLA-L_(CC)和AB-iWUE间存在显著关联性,在非喀斯特生境下,仅SLA-L_(CC)和AB-iWUE间存在显著关联性,体现了落叶栎不同生物学水平的功能性状为适应喀斯特生境的权衡。结果显示,喀斯特生境下栓皮栎植物功能性状变异性大于麻栎和白栎,可在喀斯特植被恢复实践中优先选用。Quercus species(Fagaceae)are widely distributed from temperate to tropical forests in the northern hemisphere and can grow well at both karst and non⁃karst habitats.Revealing the differences in plant functional traits of deciduous Quercus species commonly growing at karst and non⁃karst habitats is critical to understand their underlying adaptive mechanisms and can provide scientific basis for the selection of tree species in karst vegetation restoration practice.In this study,13 plant functional traits including stomatal size(SZ),stomatal length(SL),stomatal density(SD),and stomatal pore index(SPI)at the cellular scale,leaf thickness(LT),thickness of adaxial epidermis(AD),thickness of abaxial epidermis(AB),and palisade mesophyll thickness to leaf thickness ratio(PTR)at the tissue scale,specific leaf area(SLA),and leaf dry matter content(LDMC)at the leaf scale,non⁃structural carbohydrates(NSC),leaf construction cost(L_(CC))and intrinsic water⁃use efficiency(iWUE)at the whole⁃plant scale of three deciduous Quercus species,i.e.,Q.variabilis,Q.acutissima and Q.fabri growing at both karst and non⁃karst habitats in Guangdong Province were determined and compared.The correlations of the 13 plant functional traits with local climatic and edaphic variables were detected,too.The results showed that:1)habitat was the main contributor to the variation of the studied functional traits except for AD and LDMC of the studied deciduous Quercus species;the traits of SPI,LT,AB,PTR,SLA,NSC,L_(CC) and iWUE were significantly different between karst and non⁃karst habitats,and the differences were species⁃dependent;2)at both habitats,the traits at the leaf scale were significantly correlated with mean annual precipitation;but at karst habitat,the traits at the cellular,tissue and whole⁃plant scales were significantly correlated with mean annual precipitation,mean annual temperature,soil total nitrogen,phosphorus contents and soil pH,while at non⁃karst habitat,those traits were significantly correlated with only mean

关 键 词：喀斯特生境 落叶栎 叶片功能性状 生态适应 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]