三峡库区小流域典型植物群落水源涵养功能  

Water Conservation Function of Typical Plant Communities in the Small Watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：朱平宗 张峰 冯滔 王定斌 杨澜 陈晓燕[1,2] ZHU Pingzong;ZHANG Feng;FENG Tao;WANG Dingbin;YANG Lan;CHEN Xiaoyan(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学水土保持生态修复重庆市重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2025年第2期133-144,共12页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42307422);中央高校基本业务费项目(SWU-KQ22039);国网重庆市电力公司重点科技项目(522006240008)。

摘　　要：水源涵养功能的变化显著影响区域生态水文和土壤侵蚀过程,三峡库区作为我国典型的生态脆弱区和水土流失重点治理区,明确其典型植物群落的水源涵养功能,对于库区生态环境的改善具有重要意义。通过野外采样和室内分析相结合的方法,系统分析了库区典型植物群落枯落物蓄积特征、持水过程以及枯落物和土壤层的水源涵养能力。结果表明:不同植物群落枯落物蓄积量(0.43~5.76 t/hm^(2))和持水能力之间存在显著差异,库区湿热的气候条件导致未分解枯落物蓄积量均小于半分解枯落物,且未分解层枯落物最大持水量和有效拦蓄量均小于半分解枯落物(除桉树和草地外)。此外,未分解和半分解枯落物持水量和吸水速率随浸水时间的增加分别呈对数函数增加和幂函数减小的趋势。不同植物群落土壤层(0~20 cm)有效蓄水量存在一定差异,其中桉树林的有效蓄水量最大(208.42 t/hm^(2)),灌木最小(63.90 t/hm^(2))。综合来看,库区各植物群落枯落物和土壤层的水源涵养能力从高到低依次为:桉树、草地、柏树、马尾松、柑橘、坡耕地、灌木,且其大小主要受控于土壤层的水源涵养能力。The regional ecological hydrology and soil erosion processes were greatly affected by the changes in water conservation function.The Three Gorges Reservoir Area is a typical ecologically fragile area and a key area for soil erosion control in China,clarifying the water conservation function of different plant communities is of great significance for improving its ecological environment.Combined with field sampling and indoor analysis methods,the characteristics of litter accumulation,water holding process,and the water source conservation capacity of litter and soil layers in typical plant communities in the reservoir area were systematically analyzed.The results indicated that litter accumulation(varied from 0.43 to 5.76 t·hm^(2))and water holding capacity differed significantly between different plant communities.The humid and hot climate conditions in the reservoir area led to less undecomposed litter than semi decomposed litter for all plant communities.Moreover,the maximum water holding capacity and effective retention capacity of undecomposed litter were both less than those of semi decomposed litter for all plant communities except for Eucalyptus and grassland.Furthermore,the water holding capacity and water absorption rate of undecomposed and semi decomposed litters were increased and decreased with the increase of litter immersion time as logarithmic and power functions,respectively.There were certain differences in the effective water storage capacity of 0-20 cm soil layer among different plant communities.The effective water storage capacity of the Eucalyptus spp.was the maximum(208.42 t·hm^(2)),whereas shrubland was the minimum one(63.90 t·hm^(2)).Overall,the effective retention capacity of typical plant communities in the reservoir area was shown as follows:Eucalyptus being the maximum,then reducing as grassland,Cupressus funebris,Pinus massoniana,Citrus reticulata,sloping farmland,shrubland.The water conservation capacity of all plant communities was dominantly controlled by the water conservatio

关 键 词：水源涵养 枯落物水文效应 土壤水文效应 三峡库区 

分 类 号：P426.68[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S718.5[农业科学—林学]