日本加入联合国始末  

On Japan's Admission to the United Nations

作　　者：刘子玉 LIU Zi-yu(School of Humanities,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang,325035,China)

机构地区：[1]温州大学人文学院,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《史学集刊》2025年第1期133-144,共12页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项重大招标项目“大国兴衰的历史逻辑、规律与国际秩序演进研究”(22VLS015)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：1952年6月日本正式提交入联申请时,联合国受美苏冷战等因素影响,难以通过规范的单独审议程序吸纳新成员。苏联提出共产主义阵营与西方阵营的申请国可以同时入联的“一揽子方案”,但遭到美国的强烈反对。1953年,联合国大会认为应以普适性原则为基础,通过政治妥协打破入联僵局,尽早吸纳日本等国加入联合国。1955年,加拿大提出日本与蒙古等18个国家同时入联的方案,因中国台湾当局反对蒙古入联而失败。苏联随机应变,提出排除日蒙两国的“16国入联方案”,并顺利通过安理会与联合国大会审议,日本入联再度受挫。1956年10月,日苏恢复邦交,苏联承诺支持日本入联。1956年12月,日本正式加入联合国。1952—1956年间,日本入联进程深受美苏冷战及联合国职能与内部权力关系变化的影响,日本政府的外交努力难以发挥有效作用。When Japan applied for membership in the United Nations in June 1952,UN was influenced by factors such as the Cold War,and found it difficult to absorb new members separately as usual.In response to this,the Soviet Union proposed a package deal that applicant countries from both the communist bloc and the Western bloc would join the UN at the same time,which was opposed by the United States.Since 1953,the UN has generally believed that it should solve the membership problem through political compromise on the the principle of universality,and admitting countries such as Japan as soon as possible.In 1955,Canada proposed a package deal of 18 countries including Japan and Mongolia,but the proposal failed due to the veto by the Taiwan authorities against Mongolia.The Soviet Union proposed the exclusion of Japan and Mongolia from the 16-country package deal then,which successfully passed through both the Security Council and the General Assembly,leading to Japan's membership application failed again.In 1956,the package deal model was no longer popular,and there was a strong call for approving Japan's membership application individually.In October,Japan and the Soviet Union restored diplomatic relations,with the Soviet Union promising to support Japan's UN membership.In December,Japan officially became a member of the United Nations.From 1952 to 1956,the process of Japan's entry into the United Nations was greatly influenced by the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union,being influenced by the changes of nature,functions,and internal power relations of the UN.The Japanese government's diplomatic efforts were not decisive for a long time.

关 键 词：日本入联 美苏冷战 联合国大会 

分 类 号：D813.2[政治法律—国际关系] D831.3[政治法律—政治学]