采收时间对骆驼刺种子质量的影响  

Effects of Harvesting Time on Seed Quality of Alhagi camelorum Seed

作　　者：李有政 孙宗玖[1] 梁娜 柯梅[3] 侯钰荣[3] 许莹月 周晨烨 魏鹏[3] LI Youzheng;SUN Zongjiu;LIANG Na;KE Mei;HOU Yurong;XU Yingyue;ZHOU Chenye;WEI Peng(College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052;Forestry and Grassland Technology Extension Center of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture,Changji,Xinjiang 831100;Institute of Prataculture,Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830057,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]昌吉回族自治州林业和草原技术推广中心,新疆昌吉831100 [3]新疆畜牧科学院草业研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830057

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第12期63-71,共9页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才培养计划“三农骨干”人才培养项目(2022SNGGNT096);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目“航天诱变骆驼刺优良株系田间筛选及评价”;新疆维吾尔自治区优质饲草产业体系项目“自治区优质饲草高效示范与技术推广”(YZSCTX2024-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明骆驼刺(Alhagi camelorum)种子的适宜采收时间,为提升乡土草种骆驼种子质量及刺良种繁育提供技术支撑。【方法】采用野外直接收获结合室内纸上种子萌发法,对结实初期(C_(1))及初期推迟10d (C_(2))、20d (C_(3))、30d (C_(4))、40d (C_(5))、50d (C_(6))收获的骆驼刺种子形态、种子水分含量、电导率、百粒重及种子萌发特征进行测定。【结果】随采收时间推迟,骆驼刺种皮色由红褐色逐渐变为黑褐色,种子长与宽呈下降趋势,百粒重、水分含量、发芽指数和发芽率呈先增后降趋势,种子电导率、相对电导率、绝对电导率均呈下降趋势。其中,发芽率和发芽指数最高是C_(3)时期,为88.33%和25.73%;发芽势最高是C_(1)时期,为68.33%;种子百粒重最重是C_(4)时期,为0.303 g;种子含水量最高是C_(2)时期,为13.57%;种子表面积、长和宽最大是C1时期,依次为0.21 mm^(2)、0.58 mm和0.44 mm;种苗干重最大是C_(6)时期,为0.023 g;种子电导率、相对电导率及绝对电导率均为C_(1)时期最高、C_(3)时期最低。【结论】骆驼刺种子在种皮颜色开始变为浅褐色的结实初期即8月下旬采收较适宜。【Objective】The appropriate harvesting time of Alhagi camelorum seed was explored,which provided the technical support for improving the seed quality of native grass A.camelorum seed and breeding improved varieties.【Method】The seed morphology,seed water content,electrical conductivity,100-seed weight and seed germination characteristics of A.camelorum seed harvested at early fruiting stage(C1)and early fruiting stage delayed 10 d(C2),20 d(C3),30 d(C4),40 d(C5)and 50 d(C6)were determined by field direct harvesting combined with indoor seed germination method.【Result】With the delay of harvesting time,the seed coat color changed from reddish brown to dark brown gradually,the seed length and width decreased,the 100-seed weight,water content,germination index and germination rate increased first and then decreased,and the seed conductivity,relative conductivity and absolute conductivity all decreased.The germination rate and germination index in C3 period reached maximum,respectively 88.33%and 25.73%.The highest germination potential was 68.33%in C1 period.The maximum 100-seed weight was 0.303 g in C4 stage.The highest seed water content was 13.57%in C2 period.The maximum surface area,length and width of seeds were 0.21 mm2,0.58 mm and 0.44 mm in C1 period.The maximum dry weight of seedlings was 0.023 g in C6 period.Seed conductivity,relative conductivity and absolute conductivity were the highest in C1 period and the lowest in C3 period.【Conclusion】The coat color of A.camelorum seed begins to turn light brown,and it is more appropriate to harvest in late August at the early stage of fruiting.

关 键 词：骆驼刺 收获期 种子形态 种子发芽率 种子质量 灰色关联分析 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]