贵州贞丰顶坛花椒生态适宜性区划研究  

Research on Ecological Suitability Regionalization of Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis in Zhenfeng County,Guizhou Province

作　　者：杨广广 杨顺松 郭有艳 喻阳华 韦昌盛 YANG Guangguang;YANG Shunsong;GUO Youyan;YU Yanghua;WEI Changsheng(School of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;School of Karst Science/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Decertification Control,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001;Forestry Bureau of Zhenfeng County,Zhenfeng,Guizhou 562200,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院/国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550001 [3]贞丰县林业局,贵州贞丰562200

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第12期82-92,共11页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“贵州特产顶坛花椒种质评价及优良品种培育关键技术研究”(黔科合支撑﹝2023﹞一般062)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明影响顶坛花椒生长的主要生态因子,并对其生态适应性进行研究,以期为花椒种植科学布局和产业可持续发展提供参考。【方法】以贞丰县各乡镇的气候、土壤和地形数据为基础数据,采用主成分分析法确定1级指标(气候、土壤和地形)和2级指标(年均温度、极端高温和光照时长等)权重,基于Arc Map的加权叠加法对适宜性指标赋分,绘制顶坛花椒种植气候、土壤、地形及综合适宜性区划图。【结果】影响顶坛花椒生长的生态因子权重依次为气候(0.558)>地形(0.233)>土壤(0.209),其中,主要生态因子是气候,包括年均温度、极端高温、光照时长、年均降雨和无霜期;按适宜性综合评价等级分为最适宜区(4分)、适宜区(3分)、次适宜区(2分)和不适宜区(1分)。贞丰县种植顶坛花椒综合最适宜区主要分布在北部、中部、南部和东南部地区,包括平街乡、北盘江镇、者相镇、珉谷街道、挽澜镇、连环乡、鲁贡镇、鲁容乡和沙坪镇,白层镇西部和龙场镇中部有零星分布,此地年均温度15~20℃、极端高温33~40℃、光照时长>1 600 h、年均降雨1 000~1 200 mm、无霜期340~365 d、土壤质地为砂壤土或壤土、pH 6.5~7.5、海拔700~1 200 m、坡度15°~20°,最适宜其生长;适宜区主要分布在西部,包括长田镇、小屯镇、龙场镇和白层镇东部,年均温度10~15℃、极端高温26~33℃、光照时长1 400~1 600 h、年均降雨800~1 000 mm、无霜期320~340 d、土壤质地为砂质壤土和沙土、pH 6.0~6.5、海拔400~700 m、坡度5°~15°和20°~35°,适宜其生长。【结论】贞丰县种植顶坛花椒的整体适宜性程度较高,影响其适宜性分布的主要生态因子是气候,最适宜区主要分布在北部、中部、南部和东南部地区,包括平街乡、北盘江镇和者相镇等。【Objective】The main ecological factors affecting the growth of Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis were investigated,and its ecological adaptability was studied,which provided reference for the scientific layout of Z.planispinum var.dingtanensis planting and the sustainable development of the industry.【Method】Based on the climate,soil and topography data of each township in Zhenfeng County,the principal component analysis method was used to determine the weights of the primary indicators(climate,soil and topography) and the secondary indicators(annual average temperature,extreme high temperature and sunshine duration,etc.),and the weighted superposition method of Arc Map was used to assign points to the planting suitability indexes of Z.planispinum var.dingtanensis,and the climate,soil,topography and comprehensive suitability zoning map were drawn.【Result】The weights of ecological factors affecting the growth of Z.planispinum var.dingtanensis were climate(0.558)> topography(0.233) > soil(0.209).The main ecological factor was climate,including average annual temperature,extreme high temperature,sunshine duration,annual average rainfall and frost-free period.According to the comprehensive evaluation grade of suitability,it was divided into the most suitable area(4 points),suitable area(3 points),sub-suitable area(2 points) and unsuitable area(1 point).The most suitable areas for Z.planispinum var.dingtanensis in Zhenfeng County were mainly distributed in the northern,central,southern and southeastern areas,including Pingjie Township,Beipanjiang Town,Zhexiang Town,Mingu Street,Wanlan Town,Lianhuan Township,Lugong Town,Lurong Township and Shaping Town,and were partially distributed in the western Baiceng Town and central Longchang Town,with annual average temperature of 15-20 ℃,extreme heat of33-40 ℃,sunshine duration >1 600 h,annual average rainfall of 1 000-1 200 mm,frost-free period of 340-365 d.And the texture of the soil was sandy loam or loam,with pH of 6.5-7.5,elevation of 700-1 200 m and

关 键 词：顶坛花椒 生态适宜性 区划 主成分分析 Arc Map 贞丰 贵州 

分 类 号：S727[农业科学—林木遗传育种]