不同环境因素对苗药土党参基原植物种子萌发特性的影响  

Effects of Different Environmental Factors on Seed Germination Characteristics of Original Plant of Miao Medicine Campanumoea javanica

作　　者：安江勇 杨玲 简应权 魏升华 AN Jiangyong;YANG Ling;JIAN Yingquan;WEI Shenghua(Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Germplasm Resources Protection and Breeding Research Center,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;Guizhou Hanfang Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学/贵州中药民族药种质资源保护与繁育研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州汉方药业有限公司,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第12期107-116,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目“贵州省不同生态区野生蔬菜重金属安全性评价”(黔科合支撑[2022]重点019-4);贵阳市科技计划项目“民族药土党参引种驯化及产业化关键技术研究”(筑科合同[2022]3-9);贵州省中药材现代产业技术体系建设(GZCYTX 2019-2024-0203)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同环境因素处理苗药土党参基原植物种子的萌发特性,为土党参药材的野生抚育和人工栽培提供依据。【方法】以苗药土党参2种基原植物大花金钱豹(DH)和金钱豹(XH)果实和种子为试验材料,采用室内培养试验研究不同温度(15℃、20℃和25℃)、遮阴度[0%(CK)、30%、50%、70%、90%和100%]、干旱胁迫[聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)浓度为0%(CK)、5%、10%、15%和20%]及盐胁迫[NaCl浓度为0 g/L(0%,CK)、5 g/L(5%)和10 g/L(10%)]处理,对土党参种子萌发特性的影响。【结果】土党参2种基原植物DH和XH的种子细小,其形态特征无明显差异,但DH种子表面颜色较XH略深,其果实所含种子分别为678粒和766粒,千粒重分别为0.108 g和0.130 g。温度为25℃时,2种种子的发芽率均达最高,分别为95.56%和97.78%;遮阴度为30%时,其发芽率均最高,分别为90.00%和98.89%;干旱和盐胁迫处理显著影响种子萌发,随PEG 6000浓度和盐胁迫增加,2种种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均呈逐渐降低趋势,盐胁迫浓度为10%时,种子的发芽率为0;2种种子的萌发指标在PEG 6000浓度≤5%时均无显著差异。【结论】土党参2种基原植物的种子细小,种子形态特征差异不明显,仅种子表面颜色有差异,大花金钱豹种子表面颜色较金钱豹略深。2种种子萌发的适宜温度为25℃。遮阴度为30%~50%时可以提高2种种子的发芽率,种子对干旱胁迫有一定的耐受性,对盐胁迫的耐受性较差。【Objective】The effects of different environmental factors on the seed germination of original plants of Miao Medicine Campanumoea javanica were explored to provide references for the wild nurturing and artificial cultivation of C.javanica.【Method】Taking the fruits and seeds of two original plants of Miao Medicine C.javanica,respectively C.javanica Bl.subsp.javanica(DH) and C.javanica Bl.(XH),as research materials,the effects of different temperatures(15 ℃,20 ℃ and 25 ℃),shading degrees[0%(CK),30%,50%,70%,90% and 100%],drought stresses[PEG 6000with 0%(CK),5%,10%,15% and 20%] and salt stresses[NaCl with 0 g/L(0%,CK),5 g/L(5%) and 10 g/L(10%)]on the seed germination characteristics of C.javanica were studied by indoor cultivation experiments.【Result】The seeds of original plants DH and XH were small,their morphological characteristics were not obviously different,but the surface color of DH seeds was slightly darker than that of XH.There were 678 and 766 seeds in the fruit of C.javanica Bl.subsp.javanica and C.javanica Bl.,and the 1 000-seed weight was 0.108 g and 0.130 g,respectively.The two types of seeds had the highest germination rates at a temperature of 25 ℃,with 95.56% and 97.78%,respectively.When the shading degree was 30%,the two types of seeds had the highest germination rates,which were 90.00% and 98.89%.Drought and salt stress significantly affected seed germination,with the increase of PEG 6000 concentration and salt stress,seed germination rate,germination potential and germination index of two types of seeds gradually decreased.When the salt stress concentration was 10%,the seed germination rate was 0.Meanwhile,there was no significant difference in germination indicators of two types of seeds treated with PEG 6000≤5%.【Conclusion】The seeds of the two original plants of C.javanica are small,and there is no significant difference in seed morphological characteristics.There is a difference in surface color between the two seeds,and the surface color of C.javanica Bl.subsp.javani

关 键 词：土党参 大花金钱豹 金钱豹 干旱胁迫 盐胁迫 种子萌发 发芽率 发芽势 发芽指数 

分 类 号：S567.53[农业科学—中草药栽培]