甲骨、金文中表祈求義的“■”應讀爲“祈”  

The Character Hu(■)Meaning to Pray Should be Read as Qi(祈)in the Oracle Bones and Bronze Inscriptions

作　　者：劉雲 Liu Yun

机构地区：[1]河南大學文學院,開封475001

出　　处：《出土文献综合研究集刊》2024年第1期17-31,共15页

基　　金：“古文字與中華文明傳承發展工程”資助項目“河南古文字資源調查研究”(G1426);河南省高校中華優秀傳統文化傳承發展專項課題重點項目“戰國文字資料新詞新義研究”(2023-WHZX-22);國家社科基金重大項目“《漢語大字典》修訂研究”(21&ZD300);國家社科基金重大項目“‘文字異形’理論構建與戰國文字分域分期及考釋研究”(22&ZD303)的階段性成果。

摘　　要：甲骨、金文中表祈求義的“■”,學界多讀爲“禱”。本文認爲這類“■”應讀爲“祈”。《説文》“■”字有重文“饙”“餴”,可知“■”與“賁”“奔”語音相近。傳世古書與出土文字資料中的很多證據,都證明《説文》提供的語音綫索是可靠的。而“賁”“奔”與“祈”古音相近。本文還論證了某些傳抄古文“祈”字所从聲旁即爲“■”。“■”與古書中“祈”的辭例、賓語使用情况都十分相似。而且“■”與金文中表祈求義的用爲“祈”的“■”,在時間上大體呈互補分布,兩者的辭例也比較相似。以上所論都證明將“■”讀爲“祈”是合理的。另外,本文還利用用字習慣衍文,解釋了伯椃簋中“■連言”、䒞父簋中“旂■”連言的現象。The character hu(■)meaning to pray(for something)in the oracle bones and bronze inscriptions is mostly read as dao(禱)by the academia.This article holds that the character hu should be read as qi(祈).In the Shuowen Jiezi,the variant forms of fen(■)are fen(饙)and fen(餴)associated with different writing traditions,which proves that the pronunciation of hu(■)is similar to that of ben(賁/奔).All the relevant evidence from the handed-down ancient books and unearthed textual materials can prove that the phonetic clues provided by the Shuowen Jiezi are reliable.The ancient pronunciation of ben(賁/奔)is similar to that of qi(祈).This article verifies that the phonetic component of some transcribed ancient scripts of qi is hu.This article points out that the usage and collocated objects of hu is very similar to that of qi in the ancient records.Hu and qi(■),which is used to mean to pray in the bronze inscriptions instead of qi(祈),roughly assume a complementary distribution from the aspect of time,and their usage is also relatively similar.All the above prove that it is reasonable to read hu as qi.In addition,this article also explains the collocation qihu(■)in the inscriptions of the Bohao gui(伯椃簋)and qihu(旂)in the inscriptions of the Chenfu gui(䒞父簋)as redundancy due to customary miscopying.

关 键 词：禱 ■ 祈 ■ 傳抄古文 

分 类 号：H12[语言文字—汉语] H131[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] H141[历史地理—历史学] K877