西藏脱贫户脱贫稳定性评价及其影响因素研究——基于农户职业分化视角  

Research on Stability Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Poverty Alleviation of the Lifted-out Households in Tibet from the Perspective of the Farmers'Occupational Differentiation

作　　者：刘天平[1] 郭健斌[2] 孙凯 LIU Tianping;GUO Jianbin;SUN Kai(School of Plant Sciences;Institute for Tibet's Rural Revitalization;School of Resources&Environment,Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi,Tibet 860000)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院西藏乡村振兴研究院 [2]西藏农牧学院资源与环境学院 [3]西藏农牧学院植物科学学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期132-142,共11页Journal of Tibet University

基　　金：2021年度西藏自治区哲学社会科学专项资金项目“乡村振兴背景下西藏脱贫户脱贫稳定性评价与脱贫成果巩固拓展研究”(项目号:21AJL01);2023年度西藏自治区哲学社会科学专项资金项目“乡村振兴战略背景下西藏代耕农户贡献及其保障机制研究”(项目号:23ZDD12)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：确保脱贫户稳定脱贫是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果和同乡村振兴有效衔接的实践基础,研究脱贫户脱贫稳定性具有非常重要的现实意义。文章以生计资本理论为指导对西藏385户脱贫户进行脱贫稳定性评价,考察了农户职业分化(纯农户、非农户、兼业户)下的脱贫稳定性差异,并分析其影响因素。结果表明:一是西藏脱贫户中兼业化成为常态;脱贫户的户主年龄、文化程度、家庭规模、成员健康状况等在不同农户中分化明显。二是脱贫稳定性指数均值为0.365,整体偏低,主要是物质资本、自然资本和人力资本偏低。三类户中非农户脱贫稳定性指数最低,兼业户最高,纯农户居中。以自然断点法分类,有17.92%的样本处于不稳定型脱贫,其中非农户此比例最高(32.26%)、兼业户最低(12.45%)。三是参加技能培训频次和转移性收入占比对三类户的脱贫稳定性都有显著影响:农户所在村庄距最近县城距离和是否参与产业扶贫项目对纯农户和非农户脱贫稳定性有显著影响、交际能力高低和获取借贷可能性对兼业户和非农户有显著影响;农户住房类型和家庭劳动力数量仅对兼业户有显著影响。建议:继续稳妥推进易地搬迁,做好配套设施建设;加强农户各项技能培训,引导参与产业项目;提供支农惠农信贷帮扶,创新转移收入支付方式;加强自然灾害预警预报,提高应灾抵抗能力。Ensuring the stable exit from poverty among formerly poor households is the practical foundation for consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively linking them to rural revitalization.Research on the stability of poverty alleviation among these households holds significant practical importance.Guided by the theory of livelihood capital,this paper evaluates the stability of poverty alleviation among 385 formerly poor households in Tibet,examines the differences in poverty alleviation stability among the households with differentiated occupations(purely agricultural households,non-agricultural households,and partial agricultural households),and analyzes its influencing factors.The results firstly indicate that part-time farming has become the norm among formerly poor households in Tibet,and significant differentiation is observed among household heads'ages,education levels,family sizes,and members'health status across different types of households.Secondly,the average poverty alleviation stability index is 0.365,which is relatively low,primarily due to the low levels of physical capital,natural capital,and human capital.Among the three types of households,non agricultural households have the lowest poverty alleviation stability index,partial agricultural households the highest,and purely agricultural households the medium.Using the natural breaks classification method,17.92%of the samples are in the unstable poverty alleviation category,with the highest proportion among non-agricultural households(32.26%)and the lowest among partial agricultural households(12.45%).Thirdly,the frequency of participating in skills training and the proportion of transfer income significantly impact the poverty eradication stability of all three types of households.The distance from the village to the nearest county town and participation in poverty alleviation industrial projects significantly affect the stability of purely agricultural and non-agricultural households.Social skills and access to l

关 键 词：西藏 脱贫户 脱贫稳定性 可持续生计 农户职业分化 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]