麦茬土壤残留氮对夏大豆根瘤、根系发育及产量的影响  

The Effects of Soil Residual Nitrogen from Wheat Season on Summer Soybean Root Nodules,Root System and Yield

作　　者：王晶 王天舒 王丽[1] 周新雨 李庭宇 孟熠黎 黄新阳[2] 尧水红[1] WANG Jing;WANG TianShu;WANG Li;ZHOU XinYu;LI TingYu;MENG YiLi;HUANG XinYang;YAO ShuiHong(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,China Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China,Beijing 100081;Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jining 272031,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京100081 [2]济宁市农业科学研究院,山东济宁272031

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第23期4712-4724,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS-04);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(1610132023001)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究黄淮海平原冬小麦-夏大豆轮作制度麦茬土壤残留氮对后茬大豆土壤硝态氮含量与分布的影响,明晰大豆季土壤硝态氮动态变化与根瘤、根系发育的相互关系,揭示麦茬残留氮和大豆季土壤氮动态变化对大豆产量的影响途径。【方法】根据黄淮海一年两熟区麦茬土壤残留氮水平,设置土壤硝态氮含量为5.25 mg·kg^(-1)(N_(5))、10.00 mg·kg^(-1)(N_(10))、20.00 mg·kg^(-1)(N_(20))、40.00 mg·kg^(-1)(N_(40))和60.00 mg·kg^(-1)(N_(60))共5个残留氮水平,于2021—2022年连续两年开展田间微区模拟试验。于大豆播前、六叶期、盛花期和鼓粒初期测定根层(0—40 cm)土壤硝态氮含量,六叶期和鼓粒初期分析大豆地上部和地下部生物量、根瘤干重以及根系构型指标,收获季全小区测产计算大豆产量。【结果】残留氮增加大豆季土壤硝态氮含量,且随降雨迅速下移,2021和2022年处理间根层土壤硝态氮含量差异分别延续至鼓粒初期和六叶期。2021年大豆六叶期各处理根层土壤硝态氮含量分别为23.44—24.42、24.98—28.07、16.99—28.21、23.81—45.34、33.37—53.78 mg·kg^(-1);2022年分别为7.63—7.84、8.02—8.86、8.32—8.71、9.43—10.01、15.40—17.92 mg·kg^(-1)。在大豆生育期内,六叶期的根层土壤硝态氮含量与大豆产量显著相关,土壤硝态氮含量17.83—40.33 mg·kg^(-1)时大豆产量随其升高而增加;7.63—17.83或40.33—53.78 mg·kg^(-1)时产量随其升高而降低;7.63或40.33 mg·kg^(-1)时产量最高。六叶期,根层土壤硝态氮含量增加提高地上部生物量、根系面积和根系宽度,但降低地下部生物量、根瘤干重、侧根数和根尖数。鼓粒初期,地上部生物量、根表面积、根系宽度和根尖数仍受六叶期根层土壤硝态氮含量的影响,随其升高而呈现先降低后升高再降低的变化趋势。受六叶期根层土壤硝态氮含量显著影响的根瘤和根系指标中,根瘤�【Objective】This study aims to investigate the impact of residual nitrogen from the wheat season on the soil nitrate content and distribution during the soybean growth season in a winter wheat-summer soybean rotation system.It aims to clarify the dynamic relationship between soil nitrate content and the development of root nodules and root system architecture in soybean and reveal the pathways through which residual nitrogen from wheat season and soil nitrogen dynamics during the soybean season affect soybean yield.【Method】According to the residual nitrogen levels of wheat stubble soil in double cropping region of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,five residual nitrogen levels were set:5.25 mg·kg^(-1) (N_(5)),10.00 mg·kg^(-1) (N_(10)),20.00 mg·kg^(-1) (N_(20)),40.00 mg·kg^(-1) (N_(40)),and 60.00 mg·kg^(-1) (N_(60)) in 2021 and 2022.The soil nitrate content in the root layer (0-40 cm) was measured before soybean sowing,at the six-leaf stage,the flowering stage,and the early pod-filling stage.The above-ground and below-ground biomass,root nodule dry weight,and root traits at the six-leaf stage and the early pod-filling stage,as well as the yield at the harvest stage were analyzed.【Result】The residual nitrogen increased the soil nitrate content during the soybean growth season,and it rapidly leached with rainfall.Differences in soil nitrate content among treatments persisted until the early pod-filling stage and the six-leaf stage in 2021 and 2022,respectively.The soil nitrate content at the six-leaf stage was23.44-24.42,24.98-28.07,16.99-28.21,23.81-45.34,33.37-53.78 mg·kg^(-1) in 2021,and 7.63-7.84,8.02-8.86,8.32-8.71,9.43-10.01,15.40-17.92 mg·kg^(-1)in 2022.The soil nitrate content in the root layer at the six-leaf stage was significantly correlated with soybean yield,when it fell within the range of 17.83-40.33 mg·kg^(-1),the yield increased with its increase;when it was7.63-17.83 or 40.33-53.78 mg·kg^(-1),the yield decreased with its increase;the yield reached its maximum at 7.63 or 40.33 mg·kg^(-1)

关 键 词：小麦-大豆轮作 土壤硝态氮 土壤残留氮 根瘤 根系构型 大豆产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S512.11