苹果‘金冠’和‘长富2号’正反交F_(1)代果实品质性状多样性及综合评价  

Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruit Quality Traits in Reciprocal Cross Progenies of Apple Golden Delicious and Fuji Nagafu No.2

作　　者：潘静 孟志浩 王森 王海波[1] 何平[1] 常源升 郑文燕 李林光[1] 王琛[2] 王平 何晓文 PAN Jing;MENG ZhiHao;WANG Sen;WANG HaiBo;HE Ping;CHANG YuanSheng;ZHENG WenYan;LI LinGuang;WANG Chen;WANG Ping;HE XiaoWen(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai’an 271000,Shandong;College of Life Sciences,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong;Shandong Yanfu Agricultural Science&Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yantai 265699,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]山东农业大学生命科学学院,山东泰安271018 [3]山东烟富农业科技有限公司,山东烟台265699

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第24期4945-4963,共19页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程项目)(2023LZGCQY009);山东省博士后基金(SDCX-ZG-202202030);山东省果树研究所科研创新基金青年工程(2023GSKY02);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析‘金冠’和‘长富2号’正、反交F_(1)代果实的性状,探究杂交F_(1)代果实主要性状的遗传表现和遗传规律,为果实性状改良奠定基础。【方法】利用田间调查、数据分析‘金冠’和‘长富2号’F_(1)代果实11个数量性状(单果质量、果实硬度、果形指数、纵径、横径、可溶性糖、总酚、总黄酮、果实色泽L^(*)值、a^(*)值、b^(*)值)和14个描述性状(成熟期、果皮颜色、果实形状、果实颜色、果面光滑度、果点大小、果点密度、梗洼锈量、萼洼锈量、果实风味、果实香气、果实异味、果肉质地、果实汁液),分析其遗传规律,预测遗传模式并进行主成分分析和综合分析。【结果】正、反交F_(1)代果实性状表现出丰富的多样性,数量性状和描述性状多样性指数分布范围分别为0.56—2.90和0—2.51。正、反交F_(1)代单果质量、果实纵径、果实横径、果形指数、L^(*)值分离广泛,均值小于中亲值;果实硬度、可溶性糖、总酚杂种优势明显,杂种优势率为20.19%—60.73%;果实成熟期、果皮和果肉颜色在正、反交F_(1)代中存在差异,正交后代成熟较早,果皮和果肉分别以黄绿色(36.67%)和乳白色(56.67%)为主,反交后代果皮和果肉分别以红色(57.14%)和浅黄色(50.00%)为主,其他性状在正、反交F_(1)代中表现较一致。遗传模型预测表明,正、反交F_(1)代中果实a^(*)值最适遗传模型的主基因数目为1对,其他性状均为2对。主成分分析发现‘金冠’ב长富2号’F_(1)代8个主成分的累积贡献率为73.05%,‘长富2号’ב金冠’F_(1)代9个主成分的累积贡献率为80.48%。建立了‘金冠’和‘长富2号’杂交后代果实品质性状综合评价方法,利用该方法在58个杂交后代中筛选出10个优异单株。【结论】‘金冠’和‘长富2号’F_(1)代果实性状多存在明显的遗传倾向,果实纵径、横径、果形指数、单果质量和L^(*【Objective】This aim of this study aimed was to explore the fruit characteristics and diagnostic phenotypic,so as to facilitate the fruit character improvement by investigating and analyzing fruit traits of F_(1) progenies between Golden Delicious and Fuji Nagafu No.2.【Method】The heredity variation,inheritance tendency,and conducted principal component and comprehensive analyses of 11 quantitative traits (including fruit quality,firmness,shape index,longitudinal and transverse diameters,soluble sugar content,total phenols,total flavonoids,and fruit color L^(*),a^(*),and b^(*) values) and 14 descriptive traits (such as fruit maturity period,peel color,shape,flesh color,surface smoothness,point size and density,stem and calyx depression rust,flavor,aroma,odor,texture,and juice) in the F_(1) segregating populations were investigated,which were derived from the reciprocal cross between Golden Delicious and Fuji Nagafu No.2.【Result】The fruit characters of F_(1) progenies by the reciprocal cross showed rich diversity.The diversity index for quantitative traits and descriptive traits were in the range of 0.56-2.90 and 0-2.51,respectively.The average fruit weight,longitudinal and transverse diameters,shape index,and L^(*) value in the F_(1) progenies were smaller than the mid-parent values.Significant heterosis were observed in fruit firmness,soluble sugar content,and total phenols.The heterosis rates was in the range of 20.19%-60.73%.Differences were noted in fruit maturity,peel color,and flesh color between the progenies.Hybrids of Golden Delicious×Fuji Nagafu No.2 with earlier maturity and predominantly yellowish-green peel(36.67%) and cream-white flesh (56.67%) accounted for the largest proportion,while predominantly red peel (57.14%) and light yellow flesh (50.00%) were main in Fuji Nagafu No.2×Golden Delicious.The fitness of these traits was assessed using a mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model,with a two major genes plus polygenes model being optimal for most traits except the a^(*) value,c

关 键 词：‘金冠’ ‘长富2号’ F_(1)代 果实品质性状 多样性 综合评价 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]