基于暂态电流波形拟合的直流微电网故障定位方法  

Fault location method of DC microgrids based on transient current waveform fitting

作　　者：于泽学 张雨宁 占柠 郝治国[2] 王挺 YU Zexue;ZHANG Yuning;ZHAN Ning;HAO Zhiguo;WANG Ting(Dezhou Power Supply Company,State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company,Dezhou 253008,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]国网山东省电力公司德州供电公司,山东德州253008 [2]西安交通大学电气工程学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《供用电》2025年第1期13-23,共11页Distribution & Utilization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52107124)。

摘　　要：直流微电网是未来电力系统的重要发展方向。为了加快故障恢复速度、减少用户停电时间,直流微电网的故障定位技术至关重要。提出了基于暂态电流波形拟合的直流微电网线路故障单端定位方法。该方法基于直流微电网的高频等效模型,推导出与故障距离和电阻有关的故障电流时域表达式,再通过对实测故障电流波形进行拟合,估计电流时域表达式中的未知参数,进而实现故障距离的精确估计。最后分别在基于MATLAB/Simulink的三端环状直流微电网仿真环境以及硬件测试环境下,对所提故障定位方法的可行性和有效性进行了充分验证,结果表明该方法具有较高的故障定位精度、速度和噪声鲁棒性。The DC microgrid is a crucial development direction for future power systems.To expedite fault recovery and minimize power outage durations,fault location technology in DC microgrids is of great significance.This paper presents a single-terminal fault location method for DC microgrids based on current waveform fitting.Based on the high-frequency equivalent model of DC microgrids,the time-domain expression of fault current related to fault distance and resistance is derived.The unknown parameters in the time-domain expression are estimated by fitting the measured fault current waveform,enabling accurate estimation of fault distance.Finally,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed fault location method are thoroughly verified in the simulation environment of three-terminal circular DC microgrid based on MATLAB/Simulink and the hardware test environment.The results demonstrate that the proposed method offers high accuracy,speed,and noise robustness in fault location.

关 键 词：直流微电网 保护 故障定位 参数估计 粒子群优化 

分 类 号：TM71[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]