2005—2019年自动站与人工站降水量观测资料对比分析  

Comparative analysis of precipitation observation data between automatic and artificial stations from 2005 to 2019

作　　者：张俊茹 付焱焱 张文哲 安红善 袁金华 Zhang Junru;Fu Yanyan;Zhang Wenzhe;An Hongshan;Yuan Jinhua(Changchun Meteorological Bureau,Changchun 130021;Jilin Provincial Meteorological Service Center,Changchun 130062)

机构地区：[1]长春市气象局,长春130021 [2]吉林省气象服务中心,长春130062

出　　处：《气象水文海洋仪器》2024年第6期16-19,共4页Meteorological,Hydrological and Marine Instruments

基　　金：吉林省气象局项目“自动站与人工站气象观测数据对比分析”(202109)资助。

摘　　要：为了研究自动站与人工站降水量历史资料序列差异,检验两者数据准确性及降水偏多或偏少的原因。文章利用长春国家基准气候站2005-01-01—2019-12-31逐日、月、年自动站与人工站并行观测降水量资料,通过日降水量与月降水量系统误差百分率进行差异分析。结果表明:夏半年及冬半年日降水量≤10.0 mm自动站与人工站差值符合标准的比例达90%~93%,说明小雨时翻斗式雨量传感器精准度高;双翻斗雨量传感器的测量数据较单翻斗雨量传感器更接近真实值;称重式降水传感器的测量数据在冻雨及雨夹雪天气下误差大。通过自动站与人工站数据对比,验证了两者差异存在的原因及与真实值的接近程度,能够为数据研究提供依据。In order to investigate the differences in historical precipitation data sequences between automatic and manual stations,and to test the accuracy of the two data and the reasons for excessive or insufficient precipitation.The article uses daily,monthly,and annual automatic and manual observation precipitation data from Changchun National Reference Climate Station from January 1,2005 to December 31,2019,and analyzes the differences in the percentage of systematic errors between daily and monthly precipitation.The results show that the proportion of automatic and manual stations with a daily precipitation of≤10.0 mm in the summer and winter half of the year that meets the standard is 90%to 93%,indicating that the accuracy of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor is high during light rain.The measurement data of the double tipping bucket rain sensor is closer to the true value than that of the single tipping bucket rain sensor.The measurement date of the weighing type precipitation sensor has a large error in freezing rain and sleet weather.By comparing the data from automatic and manual stations,the reasons for the differences between the two and the degree of closeness to the true values were verified,which can provide a basis for data research.

关 键 词：降水量资料 自动站 人工站 对比分析 

分 类 号：S161.6[农业科学—农业气象学]