2021年春季北京一次沙尘天气分析及其影响  

Analysis and influence of a sand and dust weather in Beijing in spring 2021

作　　者：赵森 央晴 卢一皎 王璐 孟磊 姜涛 姬艳 洪林峰 Zhao Sen;Yang Qing;Lu Yijiao;Wang Lu;Meng Lei;Jiang Tao;Ji Yan;Hong Linfeng(Beijing Meteorological Observation Center,Beijing 100089;Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Bureau,Yushu 815099)

机构地区：[1]北京市气象探测中心,北京100089 [2]玉树藏族自治州气象局,玉树815099

出　　处：《气象水文海洋仪器》2024年第6期47-50,共4页Meteorological,Hydrological and Marine Instruments

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42205091)资助.

摘　　要：文章通过分析北京20个国家级气象观测站沙尘暴观测资料及北京市观象台、北部、西部、东部、城区5个站的常规要素观测资料、北京市观象台大气成分监测数据,重点对2021-03-14—2021-03-15北京沙尘天气过程的高低空天气形势和主要气象要素进行探讨,分析了北京地区的空气污染状况及其影响。结果表明:此次沙尘天气过程主要是北京上游地区蒙古国及内蒙古自治区出现强沙尘天气,受蒙古气旋伴随冷空气大风的共同影响,较强的蒙古气旋东移伴随较大的气压梯度力,形成大风和沙尘暴;在沙尘天气影响下,北京地区的相对湿度、能见度急剧下降,PM_(10)质量浓度显著上升,大风等有利的扩散条件造成气溶胶质量浓度下降。The article analyzes the sandstorm observation data from 20 national meteorological observation stations in Beijing,as well as the routine element observation data from the Beijing Observatory,five stations in the north,west,east,and urban areas,and the atmospheric composition monitoring data from the Beijing Observatory.The article focuses on exploring the high and low altitude weather situation and main meteorological elements of the sand and dust weather process in Beijing from March 14,2021 to March 15,2021,and analyzes the air pollution situation and its influence in the Beijing area.The results showed that the sandstorm process was mainly caused by strong sandstorms in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region upstream of Beijing.Due to the combined influence of the Mongolian cyclone and cold air winds,the strong Mongolian cyclone moved eastward with a large pressure gradient force,forming strong winds and sandstorms.Under the influence of sandstorm weather,the relative humidity and visibility in the Beijing area have sharply decreased,and the mass concentration of PM_(10)has significantly increased.Favorable diffusion conditions such as strong winds have caused a decrease in aerosol mass concentration.

关 键 词：北京 沙尘天气 气象观测 空气污染 

分 类 号：P412.16[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]