新疆褐牛分子生物学和组学研究进展  

Progress in Molecular Biology and Omics Studies of Xinjiang Brown Cattle

作　　者：王骁[1,2] 马桢 高亮[1] 谢鹏贵[1] 苏楠[2] 陈文中 张雨夏 闫向民 陈雪松[1] WANG Xiao;MA Zhen;GAO Liang;XIE Peng-gui;SU Nan;CHEN Wen-zhong;ZHANG Yu-xia;YAN Xiang-min;CHEN Xue-song(Yili Vocation and Technical College,Yining 835000,China;College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁职业技术学院,新疆伊宁8350001 [2]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆畜牧科学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《中国牛业科学》2024年第6期94-101,共8页China Cattle Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项(2022A02001-1)。

摘　　要：[目的]回顾与总结近十年新疆褐牛研究应用分子生物学技术和组学技术在遗传,育种,产品品质,消化道微生物和疾病方面的研究现状及进展,为新疆褐牛持续深入的研究提供参考。[方法]检索美国国立医学图书馆(NCBI PUBMED)数据库和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中与新疆褐牛研究相关的文献,收集到SCI文献28篇和中文文献22篇,共汇总分析50篇文献。[结果]分子生物学研究的新疆褐牛经济性状基因包括:生长性状6个基因,肉质性状7个基因,泌乳性状10个基因,抗病性状4个基因。组学(基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学,宏基因组学和DNA甲基化)研究了新疆褐牛的遗传进化,基因组选择育种,经济性状候选基因,消化道微生物组成和功能,抗乳房炎和抗呼吸道疾病的分子机理。[结论]新疆褐牛研究已进入组学时代,但相较于国内其他牛种起步较晚,文献数量较少,可借鉴和研究的空间比较大。应加强与内地省份科研院所的联合攻关,积极加入国内外有关牛组学的大型研究计划,利用其中的大数据资源和新算法或模型,深入挖掘新疆褐牛的遗传潜力和经济价值,加快科研成果转化,培育新疆褐牛新品系,在种业振兴方面做出应有的贡献。[Objective]To review and summarize the current status and progress of Xinjiang brown cattle studies in genetics,breeding,product quality,gastrointestinal microbiology and disease by applying molecular biology and omics techniques in the past decade,and to provide reference for the continuous and indepth research of Xinjiang brown cattle.[Methods]We searched the National Library of Medicine(NCBI PUBMED)and China Knowledge Network(CNKI)databases for the literatures related to the studies of Xinjiang Brown cattle,and collected 28 SCI articles and 22 Chinese articles.A total of 50 articles was analyzed.[Result]The genes for economic traits of Xinjiang Brown cattle studied in molecular biology included 6 genes for growth traits,7 genes for meat quality traits,10 genes for milk production traits and 4 genes for disease resistance traits.Omics(genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,macrogenomics and DNA methylation)studied the genetic evolution of Xinjiang brown cattle,genomic selection breeding,candidate genes for economic traits,microbial composition and function of digestive tract,and molecular mechanisms of resistance to mastitis and respiratory diseases.[Conclusion]The study on Xinjiang Brown cattle has entered the era of omics,but compared with other cattle breeds in China,it started relatively late and has a relatively small number of literature,which provided a large space for reference and research.We should strengthen the joint research with research institutes in mainland provinces,actively participate in largescale research programs related to bovine omics at home and abroad,utilize big data resources and new algorithms or models therein,deeply explore the genetic potential and economic value of Xinjiang Brown cattle,accelerate the transformation of scientific research results,cultivate new strains of Xinjiang Brown cattle,and make due contribution to the revitalization of the seed industry.

关 键 词：新疆褐牛 PCR 基因组 转录组 蛋白质组 代谢组 宏基因组 DNA甲基化 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]