高强度间歇训练和中等强度持续训练对身体疲劳恢复能力的影响——以对青年男子高山滑雪运动员的研究为例  

Effects of High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on the Body's Fatigue Recovery Ability——Taking the study of young male alpine skiers as an example

作　　者：秦颖 武俸羽[2] 薛政昊 QIN Ying;WU Fengyu;XUE Zhenghao(College of Sports Science,Harbin Sport University,Harbin 150008,China;College of Exercise Science and Health,Harbin Sport University,Harbin 150008,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨体育学院体育科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150008 [2]哈尔滨体育学院运动科学与健康学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150008

出　　处：《冰雪运动》2024年第6期17-27,共11页China Winter Sports

基　　金：黑龙江省教育教学改革研究一般项目(SJGY20220644)。

摘　　要：高强度间歇训练(HIIT)与中等强度持续训练(MICT)在各运动项目中应用广泛,但哪种训练方式更有助于增强运动员的疲劳恢复能力,目前仍存在争议。通过实验测试法和统计分析法,对8周HIIT与MICT干预对20名青年男子高山滑雪运动员在高强度运动后疲劳恢复能力的影响进行研究。得出HIIT和MICT都能够加强运动员运动性疲劳的即时恢复能力;HIIT在提高心脏机能、血液代谢和肌肉恢复方面优势明显;MICT在降低血糖和防止尿液异常方面具有更多优势,在心率恢复、肌肉能力恢复等方面与HIIT有相似的作用。建议应根据高山滑雪运动员的个人特点、训练目标和比赛需求,选择HIIT或MICT来应对身体疲劳恢复;为提高比赛期间的即时恢复能力更适宜运用HIIT,为进行长期的体能维持和健康保护更适宜运用MICT;未来的训练计划制定应综合考虑HIIT和MICT的特点,以追求最佳的训练效果和运动员表现。High intensity interval training(HIIT)and moderate intensity continuous training(MICT)are widely used in various sports,but which training method is more helpful in enhancing athletes'fatigue recovery ability is still controversial.Through experimental testing and statistical analysis,the effects of 8-week HIIT and MICT intervention on the fatigue recovery ability of 20 young male alpine skiers after high intensity exercise were studied.The results showed that both HIIT and MICT can enhance the athletes'immediate recovery ability from sports fatigue;HIIT has obvious advantages in improving cardiac function,blood metabolism and muscle recovery;MICT has more advantages in lowering blood sugar and preventing abnormal urine,and has similar effects to HIIT in terms of heart rate recovery and muscle capacity recovery.It is recommended that alpine skiers should choose HIIT or MICT to cope with physical fatigue recovery according to their personal characteristics,training goals and competition requirements;HIIT is more suitable for improving immediate recovery ability during competitions,and MICT is more suitable for long-term physical maintenance and health protection;future training plans should comprehensively consider the characteristics of HIIT and MICT to pursue the best training effect and athlete performance.

关 键 词：高强度间歇训练 中等强度持续训练 高山滑雪 疲劳恢复能力 

分 类 号：G804.22[文化科学—运动人体科学] G863.11[文化科学—体育学]