小麦“窄行宽幅”播种技术研究  

Wide Sowing in Narrow Rows Sowing Technology of Wheat

作　　者：周道玮[1] 王树勇 石记博 沈军 孟繁国 晨光 郅建 王一铭 胡娟 李强[1] ZHOU Daowei;WANG Shuyong;SHI Jibo;SHEN Jun;MENG Fanguo;CHEN Guang;ZHI Jian;WANG Yiming;HU Juan;LI Qiang(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102;Hadatu Ranch,Hulunbuir Agricultural Group,Hadatu,Inner Mongolia 021511;Shengfa Farm,Shengyi-Jindi Agricultural Group,Taonan,Jilin 137116)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102 [2]内蒙古呼伦贝尔农垦哈达图农牧场,内蒙古哈达图021511 [3]吉林省洮南圣一金地生物农业有限公司盛发农场,吉林洮南137116

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第34期1-7,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA26040202,XDA28110203)。

摘　　要：为增加小麦单位面积产量,改造“窄行窄幅”小麦播种机开沟器进行“窄行宽幅”小麦播种生产实验,并布置小区实验,研究15cm行距内,随播幅增加小麦的产量变化。结果表明,“窄行窄幅”小麦播种机开沟器改造为“窄行宽幅”开沟器后,播幅平均宽度由2.6、2.9cm增加到了7.6cm,种子带占地面积平均增加176%。有限行距内,在一定播种量范围,随着播幅增加小麦单位面积产量增加,“窄行宽幅”播种比“窄行窄幅”播种的单位面积产量增加11.3%~17.3%,15cm行距内,播幅9cm和播幅12cm的单位面积产量之间差异不显著。研究发现,“窄行宽幅”播种产量增加的原因是,种子带占地面积增加,单株占地面积增加,大株数量及比例增加,小株数量及比例减少,且小株单株产量提高。固定行距、增加播幅,或者固定播幅、减小行距都是优化小麦播种的途径。在小麦机械播种时代,需要密切结合机械农艺,进一步完善行距及播幅研究,对“窄行窄幅”小麦播种机进行改良。In order to improve the utilization efficiency of farmland and increase the wheat yield per unit area,wheat sowing production experiment of the‘wide sowing in narrow row’was carried out through the transformation of the‘narrow sowing in narrow rows’wheat sower,and a designed experiment was conducted for checking the wheat yield change in 15 cm narrow row with sowing belt increased.The results showed that the‘narrow sowing in narrow rows’wheat sower’s opener could be transformed into the‘wide sowing in narrow row’sower’s opener,and the sowing belt increased from 2.6,2.9 cm to 7.6 cm,and the area of the sowing belt increased by 176% on average.Within a limited row,the wheat yield per unit area increased with the increase of sowing belt width;the‘wide sowing in narrow row’yield increased by 11.3% to 17.3% than the‘narrow sowing in narrow rows’.The direct cause of the yield increase per unit area of‘wide sowing in narrow row’is that the area per plant,the number and proportion of large plants increased,the number and proportion of small plants decreased,and the yield of small plants increased.‘Narrow sowing in narrow row’wheat sower needs to be reformed to improve the utilization efficiency of wheat land and develop efficient wheat farming.

关 键 词：小麦 播种机 开沟器 播幅 窄行 宽幅 

分 类 号：S341[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]