基于氨驱动钙循环捕集CO_(2)的天然气-氨互补发电系统集成与评价  

Integration and evaluation of a natural gas-ammonia complementary power generation system based on ammonia-driven calcium looping for CO_(2) capture

作　　者：郑雅文 曾雪兰 刘建辉 王珺瑶 何松 杨光 范峻铭 ZHENG Yawen;ZENG Xuelan;LIU Jianhui;WANG Junyao;HE Song;YANG Guang;FAN Junming(Collaborative Innovation Institute of Carbon Neutrality and Green Development,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Shenzhen Gas Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518040,China;School of Material and Energy,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学碳中和与绿色发展协同创新研究院,广东广州510006 [2]深圳市燃气集团股份有限公司,广东深圳518049 [3]广东工业大学能源与材料学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2024年第12期161-170,共10页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2024M752134);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2024T170587)。

摘　　要：天然气电厂由于其清洁高效以及优异的调峰能力将在高比例可再生能源输入的情景下扮演重要角色。尽管天然气电厂相比于煤电具有更低的碳排放强度,但其仍然是全球CO_(2)排放的主要来源。CO_(2)捕集、利用与封存技术是实现碳中和目标的兜底技术,其中钙循环燃烧后捕集技术由于吸附剂来源广泛、成本低廉而备受关注。传统富氧燃烧钙循环捕集技术采用纯氧与化石燃料燃烧为煅烧过程供热,并通过直接加热水蒸气的方式回收碳酸化反应恒温热量,导致了较高的能量惩罚。通过采用零碳燃料氨替代化石燃料,提出了一种新型的基于氨驱动钙循环捕集CO_(2)的天然气-氨互补发电系统。新系统避免了化石能源供热所带来的额外碳捕集需求,同时利用氨裂解反应回收碳酸化反应释放的中温热量,避免了碳酸化热直接加热水蒸气的大温差换热损失。结果显示,新系统相比于传统的富氧燃烧钙循环捕集系统,效率惩罚从9.4%下降到了0.6%,CO_(2)避免能耗从4.7 MJ/kg下降到了-8.1 MJ/kg,新系统的热力学性能显著提升。同时,新系统碳排放强度相比于富氧燃烧钙循环系统显著降低,达到了18.6 kg/MWh。分析了氨供能侧燃气透平入口温压对新系统性能的影响,结果显示,新系统在较宽的运行参数范围下均具有较好的系统性能表现。Natural gas power plants will play an important role in scenarios with high renewable energy input due to their clean,efficient and excellent peak-shaving capacity.Although natural gas power plants have lower carbon emission intensity compared to coal-fired power plants,they remain a major source of global CO_(2) emissions.CO_(2) capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technologies are essential for achieving carbon neutrality,with post-combustion calcium looping technology drawing significant attention due to the widespread availability and low cost of its absorbents.Traditional oxy-fuel calcium looping capture technology uses pure oxygen and fossil fuels to supply heat for the calcination process and recovers the constant-temperature heat from the carbonation reaction by directly heating steam,resulting in high energy penalties.A novel ammonia-driven calcium looping CO_(2) capture system for natural gas-ammonia complementary power generation has been proposed,in which ammonia replaces fossil fuels as a zero-carbon fuel.This new system avoids the additional carbon capture demand caused by fossil energy heating and utilizes ammonia pyrolysis to recover medium-temperature heat released from the carbonation reaction,avoiding large temperature difference heat exchange losses when directly heating steam.The results show that,compared to traditional oxy-fuel calcium looping systems,the efficiency penalty of the new system drops from 9.4%to 0.6%,and the CO_(2) avoided energy consumption decreases from 4.7 to-8.1 MJ/kg,significantly improving its thermodynamic performance.At the same time,the carbon emission intensity of the new system is significantly reduced compared to the oxy-fuel calcium looping system,reaching 18.6 kg/MWh.An analysis of the effect of gas turbine inlet temperature and pressure at ammonia side on the new system’s performance shows that the new system performs well across a wide range of operating parameters.

关 键 词：氨 钙循环 燃烧后捕集 天然气电厂 系统集成 

分 类 号：TQ546.4[化学工程—煤化学工程]