三环泡国家级自然保护区不同生境鸟类多样性变化研究  

Changes of Bird Diversity in Different Habitats of Sanhuanpao National Nature Reserve

作　　者：杜健 史富友 李宇 罗志文[1,3] DU Jian;SHI Fuyou;LI Yu;LUO Zhiwen(College of Biology and Agriculture,Jiamusi University,Heilongjiang,Jiamusi 154007,China;Heilongjiang Sanhuanpao National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau,Fujin 156100,China;Jiamusi bird strike air defense research institute,Heilongjiang,Jiamusi 154007,China)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯大学生物与农业学院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]黑龙江三环泡国家级自然保护区管理局,黑龙江富锦156100 [3]佳木斯大学机场鸟击防控研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《内蒙古林业科技》2024年第4期34-40,共7页Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C2016054);佳木斯大学科学技术研究重点项目(12Z1201512)。

摘　　要：掌握自然保护区的鸟类资源现状,有助于了解保护区的环境状况。本研究以黑龙江三环泡国家级自然保护区不同生境为研究区,于2023年3—9月,采用样线法、样点法和鸣声识别法对研究区鸟类的种类、数量及其生境因子进行调查研究。结果表明:研究区共发现鸟类3929只,隶属16目35科72种,包含国家一级重点保护野生动物2种、国家二级重点保护野生动物8种,其中雀形目(Passeriformes)和古北界鸟类占据多数。通过对水域、滩涂、草地、林地4种生境的相关数据进行分析发现,草地生境中鸟类的Shannon−Wiener多样性指数(5.052)、Pielou均匀度指数(0.886)及Simpson优势度指数(0.962)均处于最高水平;水域生境和滩涂生境之间的相似性系数达到0.658;植被状况、温度条件、人类活动对鸟类的多样性存在一定影响。建议应当加大保护区内鸟类的监测力度,着重保护鸟类的栖息地以及稀有野生鸟类,尽可能减少人为因素所带来的干扰。Understanding the current status of bird resources in nature reserves is helpful for understanding the environmental conditions of the reserves.In this study,different habitat areas of the Sanhuanpao National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province were taken as the research area,and the species and numbers of birds and their habitat factors in the study area were investigated and studied from March to September 2023 by using the sample line method,the sample point method and the song identification method.The results showed that a total of 3929 birds were found in the research area,belonging to 16 orders,35 families and 72 species,including 2 species of national first-class key protected wild animals and 8 species of national second-class key protected wild animals,among which Passeriformes and Palaearctic birds accounted for the majority.After analyzing the relevant data of four habitats(namely water area,tidal flat,grassland and forest land),it was found that the Shannon−Wiener diversity index(5.052),Pielou evenness index(0.886)and Simpson dominance index(0.962)of birds in grassland habitat were all at the highest level.The similarity coefficient between water habitat and tidal flat habitat reached 0.658.Vegetation condition,temperature condition and human activities have some impact on bird diversity of birds.It is suggested that the monitoring of birds in the reserve should be strengthened,the habitats of birds and rare wild birds should be emphatically protected,and the interference caused by human factors should be reduced as much as possible.

关 键 词：鸟类多样性 三环泡国家级自然保护区 种群特征 不同生境 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]