热带气旋海上观测技术的进展及展望  

The Progress and Prospect of the Maritime Observation Technology during Tropical Cyclones

作　　者：张翰 陈大可 田娣 汤杰[4,5] 王岩峰 Han Zhang;Dake Chen;Di Tian;Jie Tang;Yanfeng Wang(Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519082;School of Oceanography,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030;Shanghai Typhoon Research Institute,China Meteorological Administration,Shanghai 200030;Asia-Pacific Typhoon Collaborative Research Center,Shanghai 201306;First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao 266061)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第二海洋研究所,杭州310012 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),珠海519082 [3]上海交通大学海洋学院,上海201100 [4]中国气象局上海台风研究所,上海200030 [5]亚太台风研究中心,上海201306 [6]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,青岛266061

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2024年第6期961-968,共8页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42227901,42176015);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(JG2309);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2024C03257)的资助。

摘　　要：热带气旋期间海上现场观测数据严重缺乏,是该领域科学认识和海气环境预测预报能力提高的瓶颈问题。本文简要叙述了热带气旋期间海上锚定、机动、“抛弃式”和遥感观测方式的特点和发展现状,指出结合不同观测方式的海上立体协同组网观测是未来的发展方向,其中机动观测方式有很大的发展和应用空间。除设备和仪器技术的改进外,热带气旋预报、目标观测和最优观测设计、组网通讯和实时组网调节等方面的技术需要进一步发展。平台和数据方面,针对热带气旋观测的平台建设、设备完善、多源数据融合、数据的高效利用和共享等均值得深入规划。以往的观测呈现时间和空间不连续的情况,有必要在热带气旋频发海域开展长期的业务化观测等。The severe insufficient maritime in-situ observation during tropical cyclones is a bottleneck problem that restricts scientific understanding and the improvement of air-sea environment prediction and forecasting capabilities in this field.This article briefly describes the characteristics and current development status of moored,mobile,disposable and remote sensing observation means during tropical cyclones.It points out that combining different observation means for maritime three-dimensional collaborative network observation is the future development direction,among which the mobile observation method has great potential for future development and application.In addition to improvements in equipment and instrument,further development is needed in technologies such as tropical cyclone forecast,target observation and optimal design,network communications and real-time adjustments of observation instruments.In terms of platform and data,the platform construction,equipment improvement,multisource data fusion,and efficient use and sharing of data for tropical cyclone observations are all worthy of in-depth planning.Previous observations during tropical cyclones have shown temporal and spatial discontinuities,making it necessary to conduct long-term operational observations in areas where tropical cyclones frequently occur.

关 键 词：热带气旋 海上观测 仪器设备 技术发展 海气相互作用 组网协同观测 

分 类 号：P714.2[天文地球—海洋科学]