防波堤底部与基床间脉动压力变化规律试验研究  

Experimental study on variation of pulsating pressure between bottom of breakwater and base bed

作　　者：王亮[1] 毛海伦 尹崇杰 王泽可 童鑫 卞旭旭 王立 孟晓宇 WANG Liang;MAO Hailun;YIN Chongjie;WANG Zeke;TONG Xin;BIAN Xuxu;WANG Li;MENG Xiaoyu(SINOPEC Qingdao Liquefied Natural Gas Co.Ltd.,Qingdao 266400,China;College of Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266400,China;Binzhou Polytechnic Ocean Department,Binzhou 256600,China;Housing and Urban Rural Development BureaUof Zhifu District,Yantai City,Shandong Province,Yantai 264001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化青岛液化天然气有限责任公司,青岛266400 [2]中国海洋大学工程学院,青岛266400 [3]滨州职业学院海洋学院,滨州256600 [4]山东省烟台市芝罘区住房和城乡建设局,烟台264001

出　　处：《水道港口》2024年第6期877-883,共7页Journal of Waterway and Harbor

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51739010)。

摘　　要：在波浪等长期荷载作用下,防波堤、护岸等港工建筑物底部基床易受到淘刷,对建筑物的稳定性造成不利影响,结构物底部与基床之间脉动压力是引起基床淘刷的主要原因之一。因此开展港工建筑物底部与基床间脉动压力变化规律的研究十分必要。以某直立式防波堤工程为原型,开展了波浪-防波堤-基床相互作用的物理模型试验研究,探究了典型工况下防波堤底部孔隙水压力分布规律。结果表明:脉动压力不大于波高脉动压力的0.4倍,脉动压力特征值整体趋势随脉动压力测点相对位置的延伸呈现为降低—升高—降低—升高的趋势,并且脉动压力特征值分布与环境参数(入射周期、水深、入射波高)有关。当水深、入射波高一定时,脉动压力特征值在防波堤底部与基床之间的沿程分布随入射波周期的增大而增大;当入射波周期、入射波高一定时,脉动压力特征值在防波堤底部与基床之间的沿程分布随水深的增大而减小;当入射波周期、水深一定时,脉动压力特征值在防波堤底部与基床之间的沿程分布随入射波高的增大而增大。Under the long-term load of waves,the bottom beds of port engineering buildings,such as breakwaters and revetments,are prone to scouring,which adversely affects the stability of the buildings.The pulsating pressure between the bottom of the structure and the base bed is one of the main causes of base bed scouring.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on the variation rule of pulsating pressure between the bottom of port engineering buildings and the base beds.This paper took a certain upright breakwater project as a prototype and conducted physical model experimental research on the interaction between waves,breakwaters,and the base beds,exploring the distribution rule of pulsating pressure at the bottom of the breakwater under typical working conditions.Research findings indicate that the fluctuating pressure is generally less than 0.4 times that induced by the wave height.The overall trend of pulsating pressure characteristic values exhibits a pattern of decrease-increase-decrease-increase with the extension of the relative position of the pulsating pressure measurement points.Furthermore,the distribution of pulsating pressure characteristic values is related to environmental parameters(incident period,water depth,incident wave height).When water depth and incident wave height are constant,the along-course distribution of pulsating pressure characteristic values between the bottom of the breakwater and the base bed is increased with the increase of the incident wave period.When the incident wave period and incident wave height are constant,the along-course distribution of pulsating pressure characteristic values between the bottom of the breakwater and the base bed is decreased with the increase of water depth.When the incident wave period and water depth are constant,the along-course distribution of pulsating pressure characteristic values between the bottom of the breakwater and the base bed is increased with the increase of the incident wave height.

关 键 词：防波堤 脉动压力 物理模型试验 孔隙水压力 淘刷 

分 类 号：U656.2[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] TV143[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]