化肥减量配施微生物肥料对淡灰钙土区水稻生长及产量的影响  

Effect of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Microbial Fertilizer on Rice Growth and Yield in Light Gray Calcareous Soil Area

作　　者：马玲芳 鲍举文 陈萍[2] 马文礼 卜建华 贺萌萌 王娟 罗园园 解艳玲 Ma Lingfang;Bao Juwen;Chen Ping;Ma Wenli;Bo Jianhua;He Mengmeng;Wang Juan;Luo Yuanyuan;Xie Yanling(Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center of Ningxia Agricultural Reclamation,Yinchuan 750000,China;School of Forestry and Grassland,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农垦事业管理局农林牧技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川750000 [2]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《农业科学研究》2024年第4期62-66,84,共6页Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600)。

摘　　要：为研究微生物肥料的施用对水稻农艺性状及产量的影响,在宁夏淡灰钙土区开展田间单因素试验,设置测土配方施肥(M1)、测土配方施肥减量10%+基施微生物肥料(M2)、测土配方施肥减量15%+基施微生物肥料(M3)、测土配方施肥减量20%+基施微生物肥料(M4)共4个处理,观测分析化肥减量配施微生物肥料对淡灰钙土区水稻株高、分蘖动态、SPAD值及产量的影响。结果表明:化肥减量配施微生物肥料可以促进水稻生长,提高水稻分蘖能力,增强光合特性,测土配方施肥减量10%+基施微生物肥料处理的株高、最高分蘖数、叶绿素SPAD值较测土配方施肥处理增加5.68%、7.75%、0.48%;水稻籽粒产量与株高、穗粒数、千粒质量之间存在极显著正相关性,说明施用微生物肥料后,主要通过促进水稻生长,提高水稻穗粒数、千粒质量来增产;化肥减量配施微生物肥料主要通过影响穗粒数、有效穗数、千粒质量来提高水稻籽粒产量,各处理籽粒产量大小依次为M2、M1、M3、M4,其中测土配方施肥减量10%+基施微生物肥料处理的产量较测土配方施肥处理高3.09%。可见,在施用微生物肥料750 kg/hm^(2)的基础上,化肥减量10%是最佳施肥方案,即测土配方施肥减量10%+基施微生物肥料处理的增产效果最佳,产量为8351.55 kg/hm^(2)。In order to study the impact of microbial fertilizer application on rice agronomic traits and yield,a single-factor field experiment was conducted in the light gray calcareous soil area in Ningxia.Four treatments were set:soil-based fertilization(M1),soil-based fertilization with a 10%reduction+base application of microbial fertilizer(M2),soil-based fertilization with a 15%reduction+base application of microbial fertilizer(M3),and soil-based fertilization with a 20%reduction+base application of microbial fertilizer(M4).The effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer on rice plant height,tiller dynamics,SPAD values,and yield in the light gray calcareous soil area were observed and analyzed.The results show that:chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer can promote rice growth,enhance tillering ability,and improve photosynthetic characteristics.Specifically,the M2 treatment resulted in a 5.68%increase in plant height,a 7.75%increase in maximum tiller number,and a 0.48%increase in chlorophyll SPAD values compared to the M1 treatment.There was a significant positive correlation between the rice grain yield and plant height,panicle number,and thousand-grain wight,indicating that microbial fertilizer application mainly increases yield by enhancing rice growth and improving panicle number and thousand-grain weight.The chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer mainly increase rice yield by improving the number of effective panicles,thousand-grain weight,and panicle number.The grain yields of the four treatments were in the order of M2,M1,M3,and M4,and the yield of the M2 treatment was 3.09%higher than that of the M1 treatment.It can be concluded that applying 750 kg/hm^(2)of microbial fertilizer with a 10%reduction in chemical fertilizers is the best fertilization strategy,resulting in the highest yield of 8,351.55 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：淡灰钙土 水稻 微生物肥料 化肥 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]