基于《联合国海洋法公约》提起海洋环境诉讼背景下日本核污水排海问题的分析与应对  

Reflections and Countermeasures on the Dispute Settlement Procedure in the Dispute over the Discharge of Nuclear Sewage from Japan into the Sea

作　　者：刘卫锋[1] Liu WeiFeng

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2024年第4期34-52,共19页Journal of International Economic Law

基　　金：西北政法大学校级科研机构科研项目资助(XJJG202311)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：鉴于日本核污水的排放有可能因违反《联合国海洋法公约》第十二部分的海洋环境保护规定而被提交到该《公约》第十五部分的强制争端解决程序,本文回顾了该程序中处理的海洋环境案件,并总结了我国可以基于日本核污水排海提起海洋环境诉讼的问题及其对其他权利主张的影响。《公约》第十二部分的规定具有广泛的空间范围,更容易超越公约的管辖权阶段而进入案情实质阶段。然而,针对实质内容而言,由于个别规则的内容和范围模糊,往往需要由其他国际规则或标准加以补充,或强调专家在听证过程中的作用。根据申诉国申诉的性质以及法庭在以往判例法中的结论,日本核污水排海很可能违反了《公约》第十二部分的规定,由此申请临时措施的可能性原则上也是开放的。然而,为了得出一个更有意义的结论,重要的是要在科学证据的基础上,根据客观的国际标准证明海洋环境污染,并在实践中有效地提出证据。此外,考虑到提起诉讼的负担,在考量政策目标的情形下,可以通过谈判等非诉讼方式解决该问题。In view of the possibility that the discharge of Japanese nuclear effluent may be referred to the compulsory dispute settlement procedure under Part XV of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea for violation of the marine environmental protection provisions of Part XII of the Convention,this paper reviews the marine environment cases dealt with in that procedure and summarizes the issues on which our country may bring a marine environment lawsuit based on Japan's nuclear effluent discharges to the sea,and their implications for other claims.The provisions of Part XII of the Convention,with its broad spatial scope,make it easier to move beyond the jurisdictional phase of the Convention to the merits phase.However,in relation to the merits,the vagueness of the content and scope of the individual rules often necessitates that they be supplemented by other international rules or standards,or that the role of experts in the hearing process be emphasized.In the light of the nature of the Applicant's claims and the Tribunal's conclusions in its previous case law,the discharge of nuclear effluent from Japan into the sea is likely to be in violation of Part XII of the Convention,and the possibility of a consequent application for provisional measures is,in principle,open.However,in order to reach a more meaningful conclusion,it is important that pollution of the marine environment be demonstrated on the basis of scientific evidence,in accordance with objective international standards,and that evidence be effectively presented in practice.In addition,given the burden of litigation,the possibility of resolving the issue through non-litigious means,such as negotiation,is also reasonable in the light of the policy objectives.

关 键 词：核污水排海 争端解决程序 海洋环境保护 海洋环境诉讼 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学] X55[政治法律—法学] X771[环境科学与工程—环境工程]