俄罗斯圣彼得堡国立大学图书馆藏“苗图”版本初探  

A Preliminary Study of the"Miao Albums"in the Academic Library of the Saint-Petersburg State University

作　　者： Zavidovskaya Ekaterina

机构地区：[1]俄罗斯科学院中国与当代亚洲研究所 [2]布良斯科大学

出　　处：《艺术与民俗》2024年第4期47-53,共7页Journal of Arts and Folklore

摘　　要：圣彼得堡国立大学高尔基科学图书馆东方书籍部收藏两本贵州民族“苗图”绘本。其中,一本图书馆号为Xyl.F-25a的藏品,含72幅图,每幅画面上右角贴着一小张纸,纸上用毛笔字以诗歌形式书写民族解说,这些七言诗(也称“竹枝词”)的解说值得关注。美国史密森尼学会、哈佛大学燕京图书馆、日本国立国会图书馆收藏的“苗图”有诗歌和散文两种文体对各个民族进行解说,内容与俄罗斯版本接近。乾嘉时期出现的竹枝词与绘本中的诗歌具有相同的描写手段,但是“苗图”绘本中竹枝词的来源还待考。第二本馆号Xyl.F-27,原书名《全黔苗图》,只保存了13至40号的图像和文字。该本的构图及解说文字与哈佛大学图书馆、宾夕法尼亚大学考古学和人类学博物馆的版本很相似,其解说内容借用了明田汝成《炎徼纪闻》以及康熙十二年《贵州通志》、乾隆《贵州通志》等史料。The Academic Library of the Saint-Petersburg State University(Russia)holds two hand-painted"Miao albums featuring ethnic groups from Guizhou Province.One of them,Xyl.F-25a,does not have a title,artist unknown,contains 72 images.On the upper left corner of each image plate a small sheet of paper is glued,and a handwritten poem that describes the illustrated ethnic group is written on the paper.These so-called"seven-character poems"(also termed as"zhuzhici"or bamboo branch poetry)are studied in this paper.Notably,the"Miao Albums"from Smithsonian Institution(republished by D.Deal,L,Hostetler,2001),Harvard-Yenching Library(USA),and the National Diet Library(Japan)all feature either poetic or prosaic descriptions for each picture,like the St.Petersburg album.The bamboo branch poetry,which mostly emerged in Guizhou during the Qianlong-Jiaqing eras,and the poems found in the"Miao albums"share similar imagery and wording but the origin of the bamboo branch poems in"Miao albums"is yet to be found.The second album,Xyl.F-27,titled"Pictures of Miao of the Entire Qian[Guizhou]"(Quan Qian miaotu),is also anonymous.Only images with descriptions for Picture#13-40 have been preserved.The compositions and descriptions of this album are very close to the"Miao albums"at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and Harvard-Yenching Library.Its textual descriptions were cited from Ming-Qing historical sources including Tian Rucheng's(1503-1557)Hearsay from the Borderlands of the Southwest(Yanjiao jiwen)and the two Gazetteer of Guizhou Province from the Kangxi(1673)and Qianlong eras(1741).

关 键 词：《百苗图》 《黔苗图说》 俄罗斯 竹枝词 

分 类 号：K890[历史地理—民俗学] J22[历史地理—历史学]