监护人责任的实体法与程序法问题  

Substantive and Procedural Issues of Guardian Liability

作　　者：程啸[1] CHENG Xiao(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2025年第1期21-34,共14页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“互联网交易制度与民事权利保护研究”(20&ZD192)。

摘　　要：监护人责任属于替代责任。监护人是侵权责任的主体,应当直接向被侵权人承担全部的侵权责任,而非相应的责任或补充责任。《民法典》第1188条第2款要求从有财产的被监护人的财产中支付赔偿费用,不足的部分才由监护人赔偿,该规定过于保护被侵权人以及监护人,忽视对被监护人的保护。父母作为未成年子女的法定监护人应当共同承担监护人责任即承担的是连带责任。离异夫妻中未与未成年人子女共同生活的一方也应当承担全部的监护人责任。没有与继子女形成抚养教育关系的继父母不承担监护人责任。继父母收养继子女后,应当承担监护人责任,被监护人的生父母不再承担监护人责任。教唆人、帮助人的侵权责任与未尽到监护职责的监护人承担的相应的责任以及监护人与有过错的受托履行监护职责的人所承担的侵权责任的关系都属于部分的连带责任。在监护人责任诉讼中监护人与被监护人属于共同被告。Guardian liability falls under vicarious liability,where the guardian is the subject of tort liability and should bear full tort liability directly to the injured party,rather than bearing the corresponding or supplementary liability.Article 1188(2)of China’s Civil Code stipulates that compensation should first be paid from the property of guardians who possess assets,with any shortfall to be covered by the guardian.This provision overly protects both the injured party and the guardian,while neglecting the protection of the ward.Parents,as the legal guardians of their minor children,should jointly assume guardian liability,meaning they bear joint and several liability.In the case of divorced couples,the parent who does not live with the minor child should also bear full guardian liability.Stepparents who do not have a custodial or educational relationship with their stepchildren do not bear guardian liabilitys.Once stepparents adopt their stepchildren,they assume guardian liability,and biological parents of the ward no longer bear guardian liability.The relationship between the tort liability of instigators and accomplices and the corresponding liability of guardians who fail to fulfill their duties,as well as the tort liability of guardians and entrusted guardians at fault,falls under partial joint and several liabilitys.In lawsuits concerning guardian liability,both the guardian and the ward are co-defendants.

关 键 词：民法典 监护人责任 补充责任 相应的责任 部分连带责任 

分 类 号：DF529[政治法律—民商法学]