近70年黄河潼关站以下河段冲淤特征分析  

Analysis of erosion and sedimentation characteristics of the Yellow River below Tongguan in the past 70 years

作　　者：韩超[1] 王飞[1,2] 戈文艳[1,2] 陈昊 史尚渝 刘元昊 Han Chao;Wang Fei;Ge Wenyan;Chen Hao;Shi Shangyu;Liu Yuanhao(College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Water and Soil Conservation,ministry of Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2025年第1期48-56,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：黄河水科学研究联合资助项目(U2243213);国家自然科学基金(42177344)。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示黄河潼关以下河段冲淤变化过程及分布特征,为未来黄河下游水土保持和调水调沙工作提供参考。[方法]对1952-2022年来潼关-花园口段、下游游荡型河段、过渡型河段、弯曲型河段输沙特征和冲淤过程进行分析,采用趋势分析、突变检验与回归分析等方法,确定了不同河段的输沙、冲淤变化特征及其相互影响。[结果]潼关以下河段年输沙量在显著减少(p<0.01),1996年后各站输沙量大幅降低,近20年来沙系数均低于0.01,表现冲刷特征。各河段年淤积量呈下降趋势,潼关-花园口段和弯曲型河段仍在持续淤积,花园口-艾山段近20年淤积量则为负值。研究时段内,潼关以下河段累计淤积泥沙186.84亿t,潼关-花园口段、游荡型河段、过渡型河段和弯曲型河段分别淤积了86.75亿t,49.45亿t,17.14亿t,33.49亿t。另外,输沙量和来沙系数变化分别对潼关-花园口、游荡型河段和花园口以下河段淤积影响明显(p<0.01)。[结论]小浪底水利枢纽运行及调水调沙实施后,潼关以下河段年淤积量大幅减少,潼关-花园口和弯曲型河段承载了更多泥沙,花园口-艾山段则已由淤转冲。[Objective]The aims of this study are to reveal the process and distribution characteristics of erosion and sedimentation in the lower reaches of the Yellow River below Tongguan,and to provided reference for future soil and water conservation and water and sediment regulation work in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.[Methods]An analysis was conducted on the sediment transport features and erosion-deposition processes in the Tongguan-Huayuankou section,the wandering river section,the transitional river section,and the meandering river section from 1952 to 2022.Trend analysis,mutation test,and regression analysis were used to determined the sediment transport,erosion-deposition characteristics,and their interactions in different river sections.[Results]The annual sediment discharge of the river section below Tongguan had significantly decreased(p<0.01),and the sediment discharge of each station had significantly decreased since 1996.In the past 20 years,the sediment coefficient had been below 0.01,indicating erosion characteristics.In the past 20 years,the sediment coefficient had been consistently below 0.01,indicating an erosive characteristic.The annual deposition volume in each river section was declining,with the Tongguan-Huayuankou section and the meandering river section continuing to accumulate sediment,while the Huayuankou-Aishan section had a negative deposition volume in the past 20 years.During the study period,the river sections below Tongguan accumulated a total of 18.684 billion tons of sediment,with the Tongguan-Huayuankou section,wandering river section,transitional river section,and meandering river section accumulating 8.675 billion tons,4.945 billion tons,1.714 billion tons,and 3.349 billion tons,respectively.Additionally,the changes in sediment load and sediment coefficient had a significant impact(p<0.01)on the deposition in the Tongguan-Huayuankou,wandering river sections,and river sections below Huayuankou.[Conclusion]After the operation of the Xiaolangdi Water Control Project and the i

关 键 词：水沙变化 黄河下游 冲淤过程 淤积现状 

分 类 号：P333.4[天文地球—水文科学]