祁连山东段高寒草地修复过程中植被物种多样性及土壤理化性质  

Vegetation species diversity and soil physicochemical properties during restoration of alpine grassland in eastern Qilian Mountains

作　　者：李浩 何静[1] 王理德[1,2,3,4] 宋达成 刘光武 王梁浩然[1] 李诗涵 Li Hao;He Jing;Wang Lide;Song Dacheng;Liu Guangwu;Wang Lianghaoran;Li Shihan(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Institute of Desertification Control,Lanzhou 730070,China;Hexi Corridor Forest Ecosystem National Station,Wuwei,Gansu 733000,China;Minqin Desert Grassland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station,Minqin,Gansu 733300,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省治沙研究所,兰州730070 [3]甘肃河西走廊森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,甘肃武威733000 [4]甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃民勤733300

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2025年第1期110-120,共11页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“祁连山东段治理矸石重构土壤系统演变及其驱动机制”(42167069);甘肃省重点人才项目“基于“两山”理念的祁连山及石羊河流域生态修复关键技术研究及团队建设”(GZTZ20240415);草原生态修复治理科技支撑项目“祁连山东段北麓退化草地修复技术研究与示范”(GLCH20232550302)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨祁连山东段高寒草地修复过程中植被物种多样性与土壤理化性质特征,为当地生态系统的修复和发展提供理论依据和科技支撑。[方法]采用时空替代法,选取不同修复年限(3 a,6 a和11 a)的人工沙棘林地及未修复的样地(CK)为研究对象,通过植被调查和土壤采集,分析了植被物种多样性及土壤理化性质,且其随修复年限增加的变化规律。[结果](1)随着修复年限的延长,群落优势种由一年生草本植物逐渐演化成多年生草本和灌木植物,植物个体数、物种数和Margalef丰富度指数呈现上升趋势。(2)随着修复年限的延长,土壤含水量呈现“先上升-后下降-再上升”的趋势,整体上表现为上升,土壤容重呈现下降趋势;土壤pH、全氮、全磷、有机质呈现上升趋势;随着土层加深,土壤含水量在对照样地CK和样地T 1呈现上升趋势,在样地T 2和T 3呈现下降趋势,土壤容重呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,土壤全氮、全磷、速效磷和有机质呈现下降趋势,表聚现象明显。(3)植被个体数与土壤含水量、速效磷和有效钾呈现极显著正相关关系(p<0.01),与容重呈现显著负相关关系(p<0.05);物种数与pH值和全磷呈现极显著正相关关系,与容重呈现极显著负相关关系(p<0.01);Shannon多样性指数与含水量呈现极显著正相关关系(p<0.01);Pielou均匀度指数与有效钾呈现极显著正相关关系,与含水量呈现极显著负相关关系(p<0.01);Margalef丰富度指数与全磷呈现显著正相关关系(p<0.05),与土壤容重呈现极显著负相关关系(p<0.01)。[结论]修复年限对于植被物种多样性与土壤理化性质有着较大的影响,植物群落逐渐变得单一且稳定,土壤结构得到优化,土壤养分含量不断升高,一定程度上促进了高寒草地生态系统的恢复。[Objective]The aims of this study are to explore the vegetation species diversity and soil physicochemical properties during the restoration of alpine grassland in the eastern part of Qilian Mountains,and to provide theoretical basis and scientific support for the restoration and development of local ecosystem.[Methods]Using the time-space substitution method,artificial sea buckthorn woodland and unrepaired sample plots(CK)with different restoration years(3 a,6 a and 11 a)were selected as the research objects.Through vegetation investigation and soil collection,the vegetation species diversity and soil physicochemical properties were analyzed,and the changes with the increase of restoration years were revealed.[Results](1)With the extension of restoration years,the dominant species of the community gradually evolved from annual herbs to perennial herbs and shrubs,and the number of plant individuals,species and Margalef richness index showed an increasing trend.(2)With the extension of restoration years,soil water content showed a trend of‘increasing-decreasing-increasing’,and the overall increase.Soil bulk density decreased,while soil pH,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and organic matter increased.With the deepening of soil layer,soil water content increased in CK and T 1,and decreased in T 2 and T 3.Soil bulk density increased first and then decreased.Soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and organic matter decreased,and surface accumulation was obvious.(3)Vegetation individual number was positively correlated with soil water content,available phosphorus and available potassium(p<0.01),and negatively correlated with bulk density(p<0.05).Species number was positively correlated with pH value and total phosphorus,and negatively correlated with bulk density(p<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between Shannon diversity index and water content(p<0.01).Pielou evenness index was positively correlated with available potassium,and negatively correlated with water content(p<0.01).T

关 键 词：高寒草地 人工修复地 不同修复年限 物种多样性 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]