围封对荒漠草原典型植物群落特征及多样性的影响  

Impact of enclosure on characteristics diversities of typical vegetation communities in desert grasslands

作　　者：王益涛 刘建康 武志嘉 张博华 兰慧琴 黄祥祥 Wang Yitao;Liu Jiankang;Wu Zhijia;Zhang Bohua;Lan Huiqin;Huang Xiangxiang(College of Ecology and Environments,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学生态环境学院,银川750021 [2]西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,银川750021 [3]西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,银川750021 [4]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,银川750021

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2025年第1期121-130,140,共11页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32360280,32001117);2023年自治区全职引进高层次人才科研启动项目(2023BSB03022)。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示围封对荒漠草原典型植物群落特征及多样性的影响,可为宁夏荒漠草原植物资源保护、生物多样性保育、草地资源可持续利用与管理提供科学依据。[方法]以宁夏荒漠草原分布广泛的猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)、短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)、苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)和油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)4种典型植物群落为研究对象,研究围封措施对不同植物群落结构和功能特征的影响。[结果]围封不会改变4种植物群落中建群种优势地位,但改变了其功能群物种组成及重要值;围封增加了一年生植物(猪毛蒿)群落内物种总数(增幅为13.33%),但降低了多年生植物(短花针茅、苦豆子、油蒿)群落内物种总数(降幅分别为30%,34.78%和40%),降低了4种植物群落中多年生杂类草物种数量,并增加了多年生植物群落中多年生杂草和多年生禾草的重要值;围封增加了4种植物群落的高度和地上生物量,并增加了猪毛蒿、短花针茅和油蒿群落的盖度,降低了4种植物群落的Margalef丰富度指数,多年生草本植物(短花针茅、苦豆子)群落的Shannon-Wiener和Simpson指数,但增加了一年生植物群落的Shannon-Wiener,Simpson和Pielou指数;从群落建群种生活型角度分析,α多样性整体表现为多年生草本>半灌木>一年生草本植物群落;地上生物量与盖度、高度呈极显著正相关关系(p<0.001),与Margalef丰富度指数呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.001),与Shannon-Wiener指数呈显著负相关关系(p<0.05)。[结论]围封可通过改变不同植物群落物种组成对群落的盖度、高度及地上生物量产生积极影响,但不同植物群落的多样性特征对围封措施的敏感性存在差异。[Objective]This study aims to elucidate the impact of enclosure on the characteristics and diversity of typical plant communities in desert grasslands,to provide scientific evidence for the conservation of plant resources,biodiversity,and the sustainable utilization and management of grassland resources in Ningxia desert grasslands.[Methods]Four typical plant communities,including Artemisia scoparia,Stipa breviflora,Sophora alopecuroides,and Artemisia ordosica,widely distributing in the desert grasslands of Ningxia,were selected as research objects to investigate the impact of enclosure measures on the structure and functional characteristics of different plant communities.[Results]Enclosure did not alter the dominant status of key species in the four plant communities but changed their functional group composition and importance values.Enclosure increased the total number of species in the annual plant community(Artemisia scoparia)by 13.33%but decreased the total number of species in perennial plant communities(Stipa breviflora,Sophora alopecuroides,Artemisia ordosica)by 30%,34.78%,and 40%,respectively.It reduced the number of perennial miscellaneous grass species in all four plant communities and increased the importance values of perennial miscellaneous grasses and perennial graminoids in perennial plant communities.Enclosure increased the height and aboveground biomass of the four plant communities and increased the canopy cover of Artemisia scoparia,Stipa breviflora,and Artemisia ordosica communities.Enclosure decreased the Margalef richness index of all four plant communities,the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices of perennial herbaceous plant communities(Stipa breviflora,Sophora alopecuroides),but increased the Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,and Pielou indices of the annual plant community.From the perspective of tne analysis on life form of key species in the communities,alpha diversity showed the order:perennial herbaceous>subshrub>annual herbaceous plant communities.Aboveground biomass was significantly positiv

关 键 词：围封 荒漠草原 典型群落 群落特征 地上生物量 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]