喀斯特山地城市生态敏感性综合评价及其时空演变特征  

Integrated evaluation of ecological sensitivity and its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of karst mountainous cities

作　　者：董文卓 苏维词[1,2] 勾容 黄贤凤 Dong Wenzhuo;Su Weici;Gou Rong;Huang Xianfeng(College of Geography and Tourism,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Guizhou Institute of Mountain Resources,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆401331 [2]贵州省山地资源研究所,贵阳550001

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2025年第2期276-285,共10页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42161052);贵州省科技支撑计划课题(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y008号)。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示2000—2020年贵阳市生态敏感性及时空演变特征,丰富生态敏感性的系统研究框架,为贵阳市的“生态立市”和生态文明城市建设提供科学依据。[方法]根据贵阳市喀斯特生态环境问题及强省会城市发展战略需求,选取水土流失敏感性、石漠化敏感性、生物多样性敏感性和人为干扰敏感性4个维度构建了综合生态敏感性评价体系,并运用GIS技术和空间自相关分析揭示了其时空演变特征。[结果](1)贵阳市综合生态敏感性以轻度敏感为主,轻度敏感区面积占比由2000年的65.19%上升至2020年的75.65%,总体呈上升趋势,而中度及以上等级敏感区面积占比下降,贵阳市生态环境有所改善;(2)贵阳市中度及以上等级敏感区大部分位于花溪区东南和西南部、开阳县东部和东北部、息烽县中部、修文县和清镇市的西部,且分布范围呈波动缩小的趋势,其他地区敏感性相对较低;(3)研究时间段内,贵阳市各维度敏感性程度不同且变化不同步,石漠化敏感性程度高且呈降低趋势,水土流失敏感性程度较高且敏感性变化大,人为干扰敏感性总体呈上升趋势,生物多样性敏感性低且变化相对缓慢;(4)贵阳市2000—2020年5个年份综合生态敏感性的全局Moran′s I指数依次是0.737,0.799,0.773,0.733,0.680,生态敏感性在空间上呈正相关关系且相关性有所减弱。分布特征以高—高聚集和低—低聚集为主,但聚集程度在减弱,生态敏感性的空间分布有向离散化方向发展的趋势。[结论]贵阳市生态敏感性总体以轻度敏感为主且面积占比呈上升趋势,中度及以上等级敏感区面积占比下降,说明贵阳市生态环境还保持较好状态且中度及以上等级敏感区的生态环境有所改善。[Objective]This study aims to reveal the ecological sensitivity and spatiotemporal evolution characteristics in Guiyang from 2000 to 2020,to enrich the systematic research framework of the ecological sensitivity,and to provide scientific evidence for the‘ecological city’and the construction of an ecological civilization city in Guiyang.[Methods]Based on the ecological and environmental issues of karst ecosystems in Guiyang and the strategic development needs of a strong provincial capital city,an integrated ecological sensitivity evaluation system was constructed using four dimensions:soil erosion sensitivity,desertification sensitivity,biodiversity sensitivity and human disturbance sensitivity.GIS technology and spatial autocorrelation analysis were employed to reveal their spatiotemporal evolution characteristics.[Results](1)The overall ecological sensitivity of Guiyang was primarily mild,with the area of mild sensitivity increasing from 65.19%in 2000 to 75.65%in 2020,showing an overall upward trend,while the proportion of moderately sensitive and higher-grade areas had decreased,indicating an improvement in Guiyang′s ecological environment.(2)The majority of moderately sensitive and higher-grade areas were located in the southeastern and southwestern parts of Huaxi District,the eastern and northeastern parts of Kaiyang County,the central part of Xifeng County,and the western parts of Xiuwen County and Qingzhen City,with a fluctuating and narrowing trend in distribution,while other areas had relatively lower sensitivity.(3)During the study period,the sensitivity levels of various dimensions in Guiyang varied and did not change synchronously.Desertification sensitivity was high and showed a decreasing trend,soil erosion sensitivity was relatively high with significant variability,human disturbance sensitivity was generally increasing,and biodiversity sensitivity was low with relatively slow changes.(4)The global Moran′s I indices of the comprehensive ecological sensitivity for five time points from 2000

关 键 词：生态敏感性 时空演变 空间自相关 喀斯特山地城市 贵阳市 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]