降雨-径流对水土环境中微塑料的赋存特征及迁移机制的研究进展  

Effects of rainfall-runoff on the occurrence characteristics and migration behavior of microplastics in soil and water environments

作　　者：齐张蓉 刘慧[1,2] 王为木 董姝楠[1,2] 张晓瑾 Qi Zhangrong;Liu Hui;Wang Weimu;Dong Shunan;Zhang Xiaojin(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water and Land Resources and Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京210098 [2]江苏省农业水土资源高效利用与固碳减排工程研究中心,南京210098

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2025年第2期407-413,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“降雨侵蚀过程对农田土壤中微塑料迁移的驱动机制”(42277001)。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示水土环境中降雨—径流微塑料的赋存特征和迁移规律,阐明微塑料在降雨—径流过程中的迁移机制,解析微塑料对水土环境以及生物的危害,分析目前的研究不足及方向,为水土环境微塑料污染管控提供理论支持和科学指导,并为系统开展降雨—径流中微塑料的环境行为研究提供理论支撑。[方法]基于国内外有关降雨—径流对水土环境中微塑料环境行为影响的文献资料,利用VOS viewer软件进行关键词可视化分析,并对降雨—径流中微塑料的来源,水土环境中微塑料的赋存特征,降雨—径流中微塑料在水环境中的迁移机制及其影响因素进行归纳分析。[结果](1)水土环境中微塑料的形状主要以纤维和碎片为主,其赋存特征受到自身密度、粒径等的影响,不同水土环境中降雨特征及污染源的不同,导致微塑料的赋存特征存在一定差异;(2)降雨—径流中的微塑料主要来源于地面和大气微塑料;(3)水环境中微塑料的迁移主要受重力、水动力、降雨量等因素的影响,具有很高的运移性,易随降雨—径流迁移;(4)土壤中微塑料的迁移受降雨、生物扰动、微塑料自身性质和土壤理化性质(有机质、孔隙率、电导率和pH值)等因素的影响,其中降雨强度、时间、频次对微塑料在土壤中迁移的深度、浓度影响较大。[结论]降雨会冲走悬浮在大气中的微塑料,降低人类摄入的风险性,但微塑料会通过降雨—径流进入水土环境中增加潜在的环境风险。目前,微塑料在降雨—径流中的迁移研究正处于起步阶段,仍需深入研究揭示其具体机制和影响因素。[Objective]The aims of this review are to investigate the occurrence and migration of microplastics(MPs)in rainfall-runoff processes within aquatic and terrestrial environments,to clarify the mechanisms driving MPs migration during these events,to evaluate their impacts on ecosystems and organisms,to identify research gaps,and to provide theoretical and scientific guidance for pollution mitigation.[Methods]A review of literature on the environmental behavior of MPs under rainfall-runoff conditions was conducted,with keyword visualization analysis performed using VOSviewer.This analysis covered the sources of MPs in rainfall-runoff,their occurrence in aquatic and terrestrial environments,and their migration mechanisms and influencing factors in aquatic systems.[Results](1)MPs in aquatic and terrestrial environments are predominantly fibers and fragments,with their characteristics influenced by factors such as density,particle size,rainfall patterns,and pollution sources.(2)MPs in rainfall-runoff primarily originate from terrestrial surfaces and atmospheric deposition.(3)In aquatic systems,MPs transport is governed by gravity,hydrodynamics,and precipitation intensity,resulting in high mobility with rainfall-runoff.(4)In soil,MPs movement is affected by precipitation,bioturbation,and soil physicochemical properties(e.g.,organic matter,porosity,conductivity,pH).Rainfall intensity,duration,and frequency significantly influence MPs penetration depth and concentration.[Conclusion]While rainfall can reduce airborne MPs exposure,it can also increase ecological risks by facilitating MPs entry into soil and water via runoff.Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms and factors influencing MPs migration in rainfall-runoff contexts.

关 键 词：降雨—径流 微塑料 水土环境 赋存 迁移机制 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X53