2018-2023年我国部分猪场猪圆环病毒检测情况分析  

Analysis on Porcine Circovirus Detection Results in Some Swine Farms in China from 2018 to 2023

作　　者：刘纪玉 万进 段连茂 戴银娣 孙少辉 朱光山 牛凯 张少南 陈广辉 王天硕 左玉柱[1] 王聪 李相钊 Liu Jiyu;Wan Jin;Duan Lianmao;Dai Yindi;Sun Shaohui;Zhu Guangshan;Niu Kai;Zhang Shaonan;Chen Guanghui;Wang Tianshuo;Zuo Yuzhu;Wang Cong;Li Xiangzhao(College of Veterinary Medicine,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;Shandong Huanshan Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266000,Shandong,China;Zhongmu Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100070,China;Ruidong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry(Shandong)Co.,Ltd.,Jinan2250013,Shandong,China;Zhongmu Nanjing Animal Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210012,Jiangsu,China;Qilu Animal Health Products Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物医学院,河北保定071000 [2]山东环山农业有限公司,山东青岛266000 [3]中牧实业股份有限公司,北京100070 [4]瑞东农牧(山东)有限责任公司,山东济南250013 [5]中牧南京动物药业有限公司,江苏南京210012 [6]齐鲁动物保健品有限公司,山东济南250100

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2024年第12期1-7,共7页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：山东省生猪产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-08-18);河北省农业产业技术体系生猪创新团队项目(HBCT2024220201)。

摘　　要：为了解国内猪圆环病毒病流行情况及特征,对包括河南、山东、湖南、四川、广东、广西6个生猪主产区在内的23个省份,2018-2023年8064个猪场送检的77574份样品的检测结果进行统计分析。从抗原检测结果看:猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)抗原检出率先降后升,从2018年的58.3%降至2020年的25.7%,又升至2023年的37.8%,4-5月份检出率较高(>60%),后备猪、经产母猪、30~60日龄保育猪、160~180日龄育肥猪4个阶段的检出率依次上升,PCV-2d基因亚型检出率最高(75.9%);猪圆环病毒3型(PCV-3)抗原检出率相对稳定(年均26.9%),6月、12月检出率较高(>85%),30~60日龄保育猪群检出率(35.7%)和PCV-3c基因亚型检出率(66.0%)较高。从抗体检测结果看:2018一2023年PCV-2抗体阳性率整体呈下降趋势,且随月份波动,表现群间差异,公猪和经产母猪抗体阳性率最高(90%),30~120日龄商品猪抗体阳性率随日龄增长呈下降趋势,至120日龄时降至71.8%,而120~160日龄商品猪随日龄增长则呈上升趋势。综合来看:PCV-2/PCV-3在我国猪群中流行广泛,猪群感染较严重,其流行呈现一定的季节和群间分布特征,优势流行基因型明显,且商品猪群尤其是120日龄阶段的PCV-2抗体水平偏低,存在发生疫情风险。分析结果提示,各猪场应加强对猪圆环病毒病的监测与防控,根据其流行特征和抗体水平,有针对性地采取防控措施,及时进行免疫,防止发生疫情引起损失。In order to identify the prevalence status and characteristics of porcine circovirus(PCV)disease in China,the testing results based on 77574 samples delivered by 8064 swine farms from 2018 to 2023 in 23 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)including Henan,Shandong,Hunan,Sichuan,Guangdong and Guangxi were statistically analyzed.Antigen detection results showed that the detection rate of PCV type 2(PCV-2)decreased and then increased,from 58.3%in 2018 to 25.7%in 2020,and then to 37.8%in 2023,was higher(>60%)in April to May,and tended to increase in the four stages of reserve pigs,parturient sows,nursery pigs at 30 to 60 days old and fattening pigs at 160 to 180 days old,dominated by PCV-2d genotype(75.9%);the detection rate of PCV-3 antigens remained relatively stable(annual rate of 26.9%),higher in June and December(>85%),especially in nursery pigs at 30 to 60 days old(35.7%)and for PCV-3c genotype(66.0%).Antibody detection results showed that the positive rate of PCV-2 tended to decrease from 2018 to 2023,fluctuating with months,with differences among herds,and was highest in boars and parturient sows(>90%),and tended to decrease in commercial pigs at 30 to 120 days old with their increasing days of age,to 71.8%at 120 days old,but tended to increase in those at 120 to 160 days old.In conclusion,PCV-2/PCV-3 was widely and seriously prevalent in pig herds in China,and distributed depending on different seasons and herds to certain extent,with dominant epidemiological genotypes,and the level of antibodies against PCV-2 was low in commercial pigs,especially those at 120 days old,posing a risk of occurrence of outbreaks.Based on the above analysis,all farms should strengthen their monitoring and control over PCV infection,take targeted preventive and control measures according to the epidemiological characteristics and antibody level of the virus,and carry out vaccination in time to prevent any loss that might be caused by the occurrence of any outbreak.

关 键 词：猪圆环病毒 抗原检测 抗体检测 流行特征 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]