艺术抑或科学:《维也纳条约法公约》第31—33条的结构与适用  

Art or Science:The Structure and Application of Articles 31-33 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

作　　者：冯寿波[1] FENG Shou-bo(School of Law and Public Administration,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing,210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学法学与公共管理学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《福建江夏学院学报》2024年第6期58-72,共15页Journal of Fujian Jiangxia University

摘　　要：VCLT第31—33条加强了WTO等国际裁决机构的(准)司法职能和法律创造作用的合法性。国际法律争端往往体现为条约解释的分歧,引发条约解释是艺术还是科学的质疑。条约解释既非一门不能被规则约束的艺术,又非解释者基于价值中立而得出确定结果的过程。不应轻视适用VCLT条约解释规则间的优先顺序体系。澄清第31—33条的结构与地位,包括不同解释规则/解释要素间适用的优先顺序问题,有助于准确把握条约解释的习惯国际法规则,增强条约解释的确定性和可预期性。条约解释结果取决于解释者对第31—33条中不同解释方法的选择。条约解释者应尊重第31条下的“通常含义”“目的与宗旨”等要素,否则,条约解释将相当于按照VCLT第39—41条对条约进行的修改。条约解释者的私人背景及其对解释方法的偏好、时间因素制约着解释结果。Articles 31-33 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties(VCLT)strengthen the legitimacy of the(quasi-)judicial functions and the law-creating role of international adjudicatory bodies such as the World Trade Organization(WTO).International legal disputes often manifest themselves as differences in treaty inter-pretation,giving rise to questions about whether treaty interpretation is an art or a science.Treaty interpretation is neither an art that cannot be constrained by rules nor a process in which interpreters arrive at definite results based on value neutrality.The hierarchical system of priorities among the rules of treaty interpretation under the VCLT should not be underestimated.Clarifying the structure and status of Articles 31 to 33,including the order of priority among different interpretive rules/elements,helps to accurately grasp the rules of customary interna-tional law on treaty interpretation and enhance the certainty and predictability of treaty interpretation.The out-come of treaty interpretation depends on the interpreter's choice of different interpretive methods in Articles 31 to 33.Treaty interpreters should respect elements such as the"general meaning"and"object and purpose"in Ar-ticle 31.Otherwise,treaty interpretation would be tantamount to an amendment of the treaty in accordance with Articles 39-41 of the VCLT.The personal background of treaty interpreters and their preferences for interpretive methods,as well as time factors,constrain the outcomes of interpretation.

关 键 词：《维也纳条约法公约》 条约解释 解释要素 

分 类 号：D993.8[政治法律—国际法学]