氯铝酸离子液体介质中醚化反应的研究  

Etherification of tert-Butyl Alcohol in Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids

作　　者：乔焜[1] 邓友全[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所绿色化学研究发展中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《催化学报》2002年第6期559-561,共3页

摘　　要：在 1 烷基吡啶、1 甲基 3 烷基咪唑季铵盐或盐酸三甲铵与无水AlCl3 构成的室温离子液体反应介质中 ,尝试进行了叔丁醇的醚化反应 .结果表明 ,在中性或碱性氯铝酸离子液体中 ,叔丁醇与甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇或戊醇在 80～ 14 0℃反应 6～ 12h ,可以得到较高的醇转化率和醚选择性 ,而且产物叔丁基醚和离子液体系分层 ,便于分离 .Chloroaluminate ionic liquids consisted of anhydrous AlCl3 with 1-alkylpyridinium or 1-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), such as 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide, 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride, 1-butylpyridinium chloride and trimethylamine hydrochloride, are used as reaction media and catalysts for etherification of tert-butanol (TBA) with methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or pentanol. In a typical experiment, the chloroaluminate ionic liquid with n (AlCl3) = 0.01 mol, n (AlCl3) /n (QAS) = 2 similar to0.5, n (TBA) = 0.05 mol and n (ROH) /n (TBA) = 1.2 similar to 1.5 were successively added into a stainless autoclave with magic stirring. Kept the reaction at 80 similar to 140 degreesC for 6 similar to 12 h, the higher conversion and selectivity were achieved, especially in Lewis neutral or basic chloroaluminate ionic liquid. However, the selectivity for by-products, including tert-butyl chloride and dimer of tert-butylene, was relative higher in Lewis acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquid owing to its sensitivity to water, one of the products of etherification of tert-butanol. Since tert-butyl ether is immiscible with Lewis neutral or basic chloroaluminate ionic liquid, the product can be easily separated from ionic liquid by decantation.

关 键 词：氯铝酸 醚化反应 离子液体 三氯化铝 叔丁基醚 催化剂 

分 类 号：O643.3[理学—物理化学]