磷块岩研究进展与磷块岩生物成矿说  

Progress of the Phosphorite Research and Its Theory of Biomineralization

作　　者：东野脉兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]化工部化学矿产地质研究院

出　　处：《沉积学报》1992年第3期96-103,共8页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

摘　　要：近十年来,我国磷块岩的研究以沉积学的发展为先导,取得了长足进展。十年迈出两大步:第一步是由化学沉积说向物理富集成矿说的转变;第二步是生物成矿说的发展。业已在我国南方晚震旦—早寒武世各主要工业矿床的磷块岩中发现了大量多种形态的原核生物的细菌到真核生物的真菌等磷质微生物以及藻类和小壳动物化石(后者产于早寒武世磷矿中),它们是构成磷块岩的主要组分。磷块岩实际是一种特殊的生物岩。本文论述了磷块岩的生物成矿作用、生物聚磷机理,并从磷块岩岩石的生物特点、化学成分的生物特点、红外吸收光谱以及稀土元素组成的生物特点等方面,论述了磷块岩的生物成因。同时阐述了磷质生物繁衍的环境条件与磷块岩形成环境之间的内在联系,以及磷质生物的最佳繁衍场所与磷块岩成矿古地理单元的一致性,这种“生物繁衍场”与成磷古地理单元可称之谓“陆缘坻”。The research of sedimentary minerals produced in China has achievablelv progressed for the recent decade on the basis of the sedimentary development, especially the phosphorite research has got a breakthrough progress. The phosphorite research has made two steps in a decade: the first is from the chem- ical sedimentary theory to the physical enrichmentary one and the second is the development of the biomineralization theory. Upper Sinian Epoch to the early period of Lower Cambrian Epoch is an unprecedented prosperous period of the phosphorus microorganism and it is also the most important phosphorus mineralization one in China, and tens of billion tons of phosphorus ore were formed. Many phosphorus microorganisms, such as agla and small shell fossils (the latter one is only produced in ore of Lower Cambrian) with various shapes have been found in phosphorites of every industrial mineral deposit and they are the main components of phosphorite. Among them the phosphorus microorganism is mainly from bacteria of procarytes to fungus of eucaryotes. Up till now, three communities have been found, i.e., bacteria, actinomyces and mould. The author adopted microbiology, biochemistry and medicine to the phosphorite research and discussed the phosphorite biomineralization, biological enrichment phosphorus mechanism about the oxidizing phosphoric acidification and biological calicification as will as expound the phosphorite biological cause on the basis of the phosphorite petro-biological characteristics. The biological characteristics of the chemical components and the infrared absorptive spectrum, and the rare-earth element compositions and so on are analysed. Phosphorite is actually a special biological rock and the phosphate composition ranges from ultramicros 0.05μm-0.5μm to macroscopic particles from silt to median sand. The phosphorite is consisted of single species bacteria and bacteria groupe, which consists of the same species microorganism, and the microorganism communities, which cons

关 键 词：磷块岩 磷质微生物 生物成矿 

分 类 号：P588.244[天文地球—岩石学]