大仓鼠种群遗传多样性的季节性变化  

SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF RAT-LIKE HAMSTER(CRICETULUS TRITON) POPULATIONS

作　　者：汪永庆[1] 张知彬[1] 王玉山[1] 徐来祥[1] 王福生[1] 曹小平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100080

出　　处：《动物学报》2002年第6期733-740,共8页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：中国科学院重要创新方向 (KSCX2 SW 10 3 ;KSCX2 1 0 3 );国家自然科学基金重点项目 (3 973 0 0 90 ;3 982 5 10 5 )~~

摘　　要：通过随机扩增多态性DNA (RAPD)方法 ,我们对河北省固安县牛驼镇王龙村附近的大仓鼠 (Cricetu lustriton)种群的遗传多样性进行了研究。结果显示 ,在 2 0 9个大仓鼠个体中 (春季 6 0只 ,夏季 4 5只 ,秋季 5 9只 ,冬季 4 5只 )共扩增出 87条带 ,其中 86 2 %的条带具有多态性 ;4个季节种群的的遗传组成存在季节变化 ,其多态位点数、多态位点比率、Shannon多样性指数及Nei指数的大小顺序均一致表现为 :秋季种群 <冬季种群<夏季种群 <春季种群 ;秋季种群的遗传多态性最低 ,春季最高 ;遗传多态性与种群密度 (夹捕率 ,%)之间呈极显著的负相关关系。此结果表明遗传因素与大仓鼠种群动态有密切关系 ,但季节间遗传多态的变化不支持Ford假说 ,我们认为增殖和扩散共同决定了季节间遗传多样变化的规律。The genetic diversity of rat like hamster( Cricetulus triton) populations in Hebei Province,China was investigated using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) method through the polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Eighty seven discernible DNA fragments were isolated from the DNA of 209 rat like hamsters(spring population 60, summer population 45, autumn population 59, winter population 45), of which over 86 2% were polymorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci, Shannon index and Neis index showed similar seasonal trends, genetic diversity being highest in spring and lowest in autumn irrespective of which method was used. These seasonal changes in genetic diversity do not support the Ford hypothesis. We propose a new hypothesis, “The Reproduction and Dispersal Balanced Hypothesis” to explain the seasonal changes in genetic diversity we observed. The genetic diversity of a population cannot simply be described by the Ford hypothesis in terms of natural selection alone. The genetic relationship among individuals, which is mainly determined by dispersal, also affects the genetic diversity of a population.

关 键 词：大仓鼠 种群遗传多样性 季节性变化 RAPD 遗传调节 种群动态 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]