家兔肋胸膜淋巴孔的发现  

DISCOVERY OF PLEURAL LYMPHATIC STOMATA IN RABBIT COSTAL PLEURA

作　　者：李燕园[1] 李继承[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学医学院细胞生物学与组织工程学研究所,杭州310031

出　　处：《动物学报》2002年第6期797-803,共7页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (No .3 9970 3 81)~~

摘　　要：为了研究成年家兔肋胸膜淋巴孔的超微结构与三维构形 ,作者应用扫描电镜和透射电镜对成年家兔肋胸膜淋巴孔进行观察 ,用计算机图像处理系统对胸膜淋巴孔作图像数据化处理 ;NaOH溶液消化间皮细胞 ,裸露间皮下结缔组织和筛斑 (maculacribriform)。发现肋胸膜立方形间皮细胞 (cuboidalmesothelialcell)之间有圆形或椭圆形的胸膜淋巴孔 (pleurallymphaticstomata) ,其平均面积和平均密度分别为 :7 2 0± 3 6 9μm2 和 1 2 1±0 72个 / 0 0 1mm2 。扁平形间皮细胞表面未见淋巴孔。胸膜淋巴孔籍胸膜下小管与毛细淋巴管相通。仅在立方形间皮下结缔组织中发现有筛斑。肋胸膜上还可见闭合淋巴孔 (closedlymphaticstomata)和由巨噬细胞组成的乳斑 (milkyspot)。覆盖在肋骨上的胸膜无淋巴孔分布。家兔胸膜淋巴孔通过胸膜下小管与淋巴管直接相连 ,形成从胸膜腔至脉管系的惟一直接通路。We investigated the detailed ultrastructure and three dimensional organization of the pleural lymphatic stomata in adult rabbit costal pleura by electron microscopy and a computer image processing system attached to a SEM. The submesothelial connective tissue and macula cribriforms were examined by SEM after treatment with NaOH. Two kinds of mesothelial cells were observed on the costal pleura, flattened and the cuboidal ones. The cuboidal cells were smaller than the flattened ones and were studded with short, sparsely distributed microvilli on the surface. The cuboidal cells contained more cellularity than the flattened cells. In the cuboidal cell regions, there were clusters of the lymphatic stomata, which were round or oval in shape. The average area and density of these were 7 20±3 69 μm 2 and 1 21±0 72/0 01 mm 2, respectively. Flat prolongations of mesothelial or endothelial cells could be observed at the rim of the stomata. These prolongations functioned as valves: opening when fluid was absorbed into the lymphatic lacuna and closing when fluid was propelled toward the lymphatic trunks. Sometimes, the stomata were closed by the prolongations. Closed stomata might be opened when more fluid or particulates were in the pleural cavity. Erythrocytes, macrophages, and particles could be seen in the stomata. After treatment with NaOH, macula cribriforms (7～60 μm in diameter) in the subpleural connective tissue were exposed, which were found only in the area of cuboidal mesothelial cells. Milky spots (76～308 μm in diameter) could also be observed by SEM. These spots were mainly composed of macrophages. Our results suggest that the pleural cavity is connected to the lymphatic capillary through the stomata and the subpleural channel. This is the only highway from the pleural cavity to the lymphatic vessels.

关 键 词：家兔 肋胸膜 淋巴孔 淋巴吸收 间皮细胞 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学]