阴离子型聚氨酯制备正十八烷纳米胶囊的方法和性能  

Properties of n-Octadecane Nanocapsules Prepared with Anionic Polyurethane

作　　者：刘尧[1] 魏燕彦[1] 孔维良[1] 宗成中[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学橡塑材料教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《高分子材料科学与工程》2014年第5期172-176,181,共6页Polymer Materials Science & Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51103078);青岛市科技计划基础研究项目(13-1-4-244-jch)

摘　　要：以烷烃为相变芯材的纳米胶囊是一种新型的固-固相变材料,其制备方法少且性能不足,一直处在研究阶段。利用阴离子型聚氨酯特殊的分散能力,将正十八烷分散在水中,在苯乙烯的参与下进行悬浮聚合,得到平均粒径在400 nm^750 nm的纳米胶囊。使用动态光散射法对悬浮聚合前后的粒径进行了测试,并用透射电镜和差示扫描量热法对纳米胶囊的形态和热性能进行了表征。发现悬浮聚合后粒径增大不明显,纳米胶囊具有明显的核壳结构,十八烷在其中呈单球形分布或多球分布,相变温度和过冷与纯十八烷基本一致,相变焓达到80 J/g,包裹率达到70%左右。Alkane nanocapsule is a new developed solid-solid phase change material. Alkane nanocapsules are still in the experimental stage due to their limited preparation methods and defective properties. It was proved that n-octadecane emulsion was able to be prepared using anionic polyurethane as emulsifier. Octadecane emulsion was transformed into octadecane nanocapsule by suspension polymerization,and styrene participated in the cross-linking reaction. Quasielastic light scattering was used to investigate the particle sizes before and after suspension polymerization. The average particle size of nanocapsules is in the range of 400 nm to 750 nm. The morphology of nanocapsule was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and the thermal property was detected by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the particle size does not increase evidently after suspension polymerization. The nanocapsules have obvious core-shell structures and octadecane shows single ball or multiple balls morphology. It was indicated that phase change temperature and super-cooling degree of nanocapsules are consistent with those of pure n-octadecane. The encapsulation ratio is about 70% and phase change enthalpy of octadecane nanocapsule reaches 80 J/g.

关 键 词：阴离子型聚氨酯 正十八烷 纳米胶囊 相变材料 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]