不同种植方式对拔节期玉米冠层微环境的影响评估  

Evaluation on Microclimatic Environment of Maize Canopy at Elongation Stage under Different Planting Patterns

作　　者：刘铁东[1] 宋凤斌[2] 刘胜群[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学作物科学学院,福建福州350002 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2015年第4期748-752,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院重大知识创新项目(KSCX2-YW-N-077);国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD42B01);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20130101108JC)

摘　　要：种植方式是影响作物冠层内光合有效辐射、温度、湿度和CO2等微环境的重要因素。在大田条件下,分析3种不同的种植方式(P1,宽窄行170 cm+30 cm,免耕;P2,宽窄行90 cm+40 cm,免耕:CK,匀垄65 cm)对拔节期玉米冠层微环境的影响,以及微环境因素下玉米叶片光响应参数的变化。结果表明,方式P1中冠层光环境最好,3种模式间冠层温度差异显著,P1显著大于P2和CK;相对湿度的趋势与温度相反,表现为P1<CK<P2;P1中的CO2浓度高于其他两种方式;P1方式中玉米叶片的表观量子效率显著高于其他方式,北育288在最大光合速率和暗呼吸上表现出优势,先育335中并没有显著的差异。综上所述,对应不同基因型玉米,种植方式P1中的光合有效辐射分布更加均匀,冠层温度、CO2浓度相对较高,相对湿度较低,对叶片光合能力的形成有一定的促进作用。Planting pattern is an important factor to impact the microenvironment in crop canopy,such as photosynthetically active radiation,temperature,relative humidity and CO2 concentration,etc. The authors analyzed the effects of 3 different planting patterns on microclimatic environment of maize canopy at elongation stage and maize leaf light response curve parameters variation under field condition. The planting patterns with narrow-wide rows,i. e.,1 170 cm + 30 cm( P1,no-till),2 90 cm + 40 cm( P2,no-till) and 3 uniform row of65 cm( control,i. e. CK) were considered. The experimental results showed that,among the three planting patterns,the total incoming light in P1 is most available; the canopy temperature under P1 is higher than P2 and CK at two height strata; the relative humidity followed the order of P1 < CK < P2,and the differences among these treatments were significant; the CO2 concentration and the apparent quantum yield( AQY) in P1 is significantly higher than P2 and CK or the other planting patterns. Effects of planting patterns on the microclimatic environment and apparent photosynthesis of canopy of two maize( Zea mays L.) genotypes( Beiyu 288 and Xianyu 335) were studied,showing its superiority in dark respiration and max-photosynthetic rate abilities. These results indicate that narrow-wide planting pattern P1 is the optimal one in formation of apparent photosynthesis by improving the light environment of the canopy and creating more uniform distribution of CO2,temperature and moisture.

关 键 词：玉米 拔节期 冠层 种植方式 微环境 光响应 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]