壳聚糖对水稻恶苗病菌和油菜菌核病菌的作用  

Effects of chitosan on Fusarium moniliforme and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

作　　者：于汉寿[1] 陈永萱[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院微生物学系,南京210095

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2002年第4期295-299,共5页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：江苏省"九五"农业重点攻关项目(BE96316-2)

摘　　要：用平板含毒介质法测定了壳聚糖对水稻恶苗病菌(Fusarium moniliforme)和油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖对F.moniliforme抑制作用相对较强,EC_(50)低于1000mg/L,而对S.sclerotiorum的作用较弱,EC_(50)高于3000mg/L。壳聚糖抑制F.moniliforme菌丝生长,导致菌丝畸形肿胀,产生不正常分支,并且抑制其分生孢子的萌发和芽管伸长。壳聚糖处理后F.moniliforme菌丝细胞膜的透性增加,导致蛋白质渗漏,但对其细胞膜的主要结构成分麦角甾醇的含量影响不明显。在离体培养时,壳聚糖对S.sclerotiorum产草酸毒素无明显影响,但预先经壳聚糖处理后,再接种S.sclerotiorum的油菜叶片中草酸含量显著减少。Antifungal activity of chitosan on Fusarivm moniliforme and Sclerotinia sclerotionan was determined on PDA. The results showed that effects of chitosan on F. moniliforme were more than S. sclerotiorum. Chitosan not only increased permeability of plasma membrane of F. moniliforme and induced leakage of cellular proteins of pathogen, but also caused pathogen morphological changes, such as abnormal shapes, swelling and excessive b1 inching, however, it did not affected sterol content in mycelia of F. moniliforme, which is an important structural component of plasma membrane. In vitro , content of oxalic acid produced by S. sclerotiorum did not decrease after treated by chitosan, but it remarkably reduced in rape leaves pretreated by chitosan and inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

关 键 词：壳聚糖 油菜 菌核病菌 水稻 恶苗病菌 平板含毒介质法 抑菌作用 作用机制 

分 类 号：S435.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]