不同有机改良剂对棉花黄萎病的防病作用及其机制  

Effects of organic amendments on cotton Verticillium wilt and their mechanisms to control disease

作　　者：李洪连[1] 袁虹霞[1] 黄俊丽[1] 王振跃[1] 邢小萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学植物保护系,郑州450002

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2002年第4期313-319,共7页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：河南省杰出青年基金(1999-04);中国科学院封丘农业生态实验站开放基金(991601)

摘　　要：在盆栽和小区试验条件下研究了8种不同有机改良剂对棉花黄萎病的防治效果。结果表明:盆栽试验中以几丁质对棉花黄萎病的防效较好,在现蕾期和收获期防效分别达80.39％和72.28％;豆秸粉和绿肥次之,两个生育期防效分别为65.19％、60.02％和62.90％、55.67％。小区的试验结果与盆栽试验结果基本一致。有机改良剂处理土壤后,根际微生物数量显著增加,而且对黄萎病菌具有抑制作用的根际真菌和放线菌的比率都明显高于对照。有机改良剂的浸出液对病原菌的微菌核萌发及菌丝生长都有不同程度的抑制作用。The control effects of 8 organic amendments on cotton Verticillium wilt were tested in pots and plots. The results showed that chitin (crab shell powder) had the best effect on control of cotton Verticillium wilt in pot, with the 80.39 % and 72.28 % efficacy at boll and harvest stages, respectively. The beanstalk powder and green manure (fresh rapeseed leaves) also were vary good to control cotton Verticillium wilt, and with efficacy of 65.19% ,60.02% and 62.50%、55.67% at two stages, respectively. The similar results in plot was obtained, and the efficacy of chitin, beanstalk powder and green manure were 62.26% , 58.78% and 51.68% at harvest stage, and the control efficacy of other organic amendments were less then above-mentioned ones. The mechanism of organic amendments to control cotton Verticillium wilt was studied. The results showed that the population of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes in cotton rhizosphere were increased remarkably after using organic amendments. The inhibition of fungi and actinomycetes isolates in the rhizosphere to Verticillium dahliae was measured in vitro. The results indicated that the rate of inhibiting fungi and actinomycetes isolates in the rhizosphere to Verticillium dahliae were much higher than that in CK. The inhibition of lixivium of organic amendments to the germination of micro-sclerotium and growth of mycelium of Verticillium dahliae was tested in vitro. The results indicated that the lixivium of organic amendments could inhibit the micro-sclerotium germination and growth of mycelium of Verticillium dahliae in different degrees.

关 键 词：防病作用 有机改良剂 棉花 黄萎病 防病机制 

分 类 号：S435.62[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]