大气污染对儿童上呼吸道微生态影响的分析  

Analysis on Effects of Air Pollution on Microecology of Children's Upper Respiratory Tract

作　　者：肖纯凌[1] 韩秀珍[2] 席淑华[1] 王任群[1] 马国秀[2] 魏德洲[3] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳医学院微生物学教研室,110034 [2]沈阳市第四人民医院 [3]东北大学

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2002年第12期1457-1458,共2页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目 ;编号 :2 0 0 1 2 2 50 0 1

摘　　要：目的　探讨大气污染对儿童上呼吸道微生态的影响 ,为微生态防治提供依据。方法　采用整群抽样的方法 ,分别于 2 0 0 0年、2 0 0 2年对沈阳市大气污染轻、重不同两个地区的儿童进行了上呼吸道菌群检测。需氧菌用血琼脂和伊红美兰琼脂培养 ,按常规方法鉴定 ;厌氧菌用厌氧分离培养基培养 ,按KA2 1- 10 9微机处理系统检索。结果　轻重污染区儿童口咽部菌群分布出现不同 ,轻污染区儿童口咽部的优势菌依次为奈瑟氏菌 (85 6 % )、消化链球菌(5 4 4 % )、甲型链球菌 (42 2 % ) ,重污染区依次为奈瑟氏菌 (90 1% )、肺炎链球菌 (5 0 6 % )、韦荣球菌 (48 1% ) ,其中两地区儿童口咽部肺炎链球菌和甲型链球菌比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,重污染区儿童甲型链球菌减少。重污染区检出的细菌种类数为 2 4 ,高于轻污染区 (17种 ) ,并有非正常菌群。对不同污染区儿童咽部菌群密度分析 ,重污染区儿童口咽部需氧菌和厌氧菌密度均高于轻污染区 (P <0 0 1)。此外重污染区儿童条件致病菌检出率高于轻污染区 (P<0 0 1)。结论　大气污染可使儿童上呼吸道菌群平衡发生改变 ,特别是甲型链球菌的减少 ,可导致其它异常菌群的增多 ,使呼吸系统疾病易感性增强。ObjectiveTo inquire into the effect of air pollution on microecology of upper respiratory tract and provide scientific basis for microecological prevention and treatment.MethodsAccording to air monitoring material,the children lived in heavy pollution area and light pollution area were randomly sampled in 2000 and 2002.Bacteria floras of children oral and pharynx were measured.Aerobic bacteria were determined with blood agar media and EMB agar, anaerobe bacteria with anaerobic jar and counting,determine.ResultsThere were difference between light and heavy pollution areas in the distribution of bacteria flora of pharynx.The superior bacteria floras in back wall of pharynx of children lived in light area were neisseria (85.6%),peptosueptococcus (54.4%),and α-streptococcus (42.2%) and the superior bacteria floras of students in heavy area were successively neisseria (90.1%),streptococcus pneumoniae (50.6%) and veillonela(48.1%).There were significant differences between light and heavy pollution areas about streptococcus pneumoniae and α-streptococcus( P <0.01),the amount of α-streptococcus of children decreased in heavy area.The type of bacteria of children in heavy area was 24,which higher than that in light area (17).Densities of aerobe and anaerobe bacteria in back wall of pharynx of children lived in heavy air pollution area were higher than that of children lived in light air pollution area( P <0.01).Besides,positive rate of condition pathogenic bacteria of children in heavy area was higher than that in light area ( P <0.01).ConclusionAir pollution could change the balance of bacteria floras of upper respiratory tract.The decreas of α-streptococcus resulted in the increas of abnormal bacteria floras,which raised the susceptibility of respiratory disease.

关 键 词：大气污染 儿童 上呼吸道 微生态 需氧菌 厌氧菌 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]