可计量性差异及其句法语用效应——从“凡是”与“但凡”的差别谈起  

Countability difference and its syntactic and pragamatic effects:Evidence from the distinction between fanshi and danfan

作　　者：孙嘉铭 SUN Jiaming

机构地区：[1]郑州大学文学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2025年第1期51-63,共13页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“量化表达的多维语义及其关联衍生机制研究”(项目批准号:23YJC740056);河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目“量化表达的主观立场功能及其关联衍生机制研究”(项目批准号:2023BYY020)的资助。

摘　　要：“凡是”与“但凡”在现有分析中具有近似的逻辑语义,但在实际语料中并非能够随意替换。“凡是”与“但凡”的释义同时包含全称量化义与条件义,但两者与全称量化词和条件连词的替换也较为复杂。本文从“凡是”与“但凡”的量化差异入手,提出两者的量化差异在于量化对象的可计量性高低,而可计量性差异与量化表达的主观性呈现出此消彼长的负相关关系。“凡是”与“但凡”的解读从全称量化到充分条件再到假设条件,呈现出连续统式的差别。“凡是”与“但凡”的可计量性差异会带来明显的句法语用效应,表现在两者的主客观差异、句法地位差异以及量化对象的范畴属性差异。Fanshi(凡是)and danfan(但凡)have similar logical semantics in the existing analysis,but they are not always interchangeable in actual corpora.Although the definitions of fanshi and danfaninclude both the universal quantification and conditional meanings,their substitution with universal quantifiers and conditional conjunctions is complicated.This paper starts with the quantificational difference between fanshi and danfan,and proposes that their quantificational difference lies in the strength of the countability of the quantified object,and that the difference in countability is negatively correlated with the subjectivity of quantificational expression.The interpretations of fanshiand danfan show a continuum of difference from universal quantization to sufficient condition to hypothetical condition.The quantificational difference between fanshi and danfan brings about significant syntactic and pragmatic effects,which are manifested in their subjective and objective differences,syntactic status differences,and differences in the category properties of the quantified objects.

关 键 词：“凡是” “但凡” 可计量性差异 句法语用效应 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]