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机构地区:[1]哈尔滨师范大学文学院
出 处:《世界汉语教学》2025年第1期64-76,共13页Chinese Teaching in the World
基 金:国家社科基金一般项目“‘疑问-否定’构式整合的多维度动因与机制研究”(20BYY165)的阶段性成果。
摘 要:现代汉语假设条件表达中,存在一种超常规的“如果A才B”组配,具有独特的语用功能。本文对“如果A才B”的生成动因、整合机制、语篇功能、人际功能进行全面考察分析。作为一种体现“量度必备性”的必要条件假设构式,“如果A才B”的构式义可概括为:(受话方)现有认知条件下就预期某种结果出现尚不具有高度可确定性,必须具备特定量级程度标准,预期结果才能达成。该构式具有交互性特征,表达非共知性认识,是比较典型的主观化构式。交际中“如果……才”常通过量级成分否定充分条件关系,实施逆向回应行为,具有调整预期和命题修正功能。语篇中“如果A才B”蕴含潜对话关系的存在,引导释话人对“如果”条件得出必备性认知。文章对必要条件表达式的再分类、“如果”的多用性和认知调控功能以及相关构式网络的联结方式做出一些新的分析。In modern Chinese hypothetical conditional expressions,there exists the unconventional“If A,then only B”(“如果A才B”)construction,which has unique pragmatic functions.This paper presents a comprehensive examination of its generative motivation,integration mechanism,textual function,and interpersonal function.As a necessary condition hypothesis construction reflecting the principle of“necessity of measurement”,its constructional meaning can be summarized as follows:under the existing cognitive conditions of the addressee,there is not a high degree of certainty regarding the emergence of a certain outcome which can only be achieved by meeting a specific magnitude standard.This construction is interactive,expressing non-mutual knowledge,and is a typical subjective construction.In communication,“If…only”(“如果……才”)often negates sufficient conditional relationships through magnitude components,implements reverse response behavior,and has the function of adjusting expectations and modifying propositions.In discourse,“If A,then only B”implies the existence of a potential dialogue relationship,guiding the interpreter to evaluate the necessity of the“if”condition.To conclude,this article provides some new analyses on the reclassification of necessary condition expressions,the versatility and cognitive control functions of“if”,and the ways in which related construction networks are connected.
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