基于FDS的排烟速率对某方舱医院火灾关键参数的影响  

Impact of smoke exhaust rate based on FDS on key fire parameters in a certain isolation ward hospital

作　　者：纪好 万杰[2] 文波[3] 陶继伟 易清园 JI Hao;WAN Jie;WEN Bo;TAO Jiwei;YI Qingyuan(School of Resource Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an Shaanxi 710055,China;School of Architecture,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an Shaanxi 710055,China;College of Civil Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an Shaanxi 710055,China;China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学资源工程学院,陕西西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,陕西西安710055 [3]西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,陕西西安710055 [4]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《工业安全与环保》2025年第1期31-35,41,共6页Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52378535)。

摘　　要：以某方舱医院为对象,通过FDS数值模型研究了方舱医院火灾关键参数在不同排烟条件下的演化规律,模拟中选用1.2 m×2 m长方形火源,总热释放速率设定为3 200 k W,火灾发展类型为快速火,排烟设定为自然通风、机械通风以及车载通风3种工况。结果表明,能见度方面,自然通风条件下,以能见度为指标的走廊内最小安全疏散时间约为110 s;排烟速率对火源近点的临界时间影响较小,随排烟速率增加,其余测点临界时间逐渐增大,与排烟装置相隔的测点临界时间增加最为显著,增量在2倍以上;大功率排烟下,二楼大部分区域能见度保持600 s以上临界时间。CO体积分数和温度场方面,走廊处CO体积分数始终未达到0.14%,温度未达到80℃,均未超过安全阈值,最小安全疏散时间均超过600 s。火源房间内,风机通风会导致可燃物燃烧更剧烈,CO体积分数累积速率最高提高10%,温度峰值最高提升9.8%。研究结果可为未来类似医疗建筑的消防设计提供数据支持,以强化类似移动医疗设施的消防设计。This study focuses on a specific isolation ward hospital,and the evolution of key fire parameters in differ-ent smoke exhaust conditions is investigated using the FDS numerical model.A rectangular fire source of 1.2 mx 2 m was selected,with a total heat release rate set at 3200 kW.The fire development type was rapid fire,and the smoke exhaust was set to three working conditions:natural ventilation,mechanical ventilation,and vehicle ventilation.In ter-ms of visibility,under natural ventilation condition,using visibility as a metric,the minimum safe evacuation time in the corridor is approximately 110 s.The smoke exhaust rate has relatively small impact on the critical time near the fire source,while at other measurement points,the critical time gradually increases with the smoke exhaust rate,with the most significant increase observed at measurement point that one smoke exhaust unit away from the fire source,reaching an increase of more than two times.Under high smoke exhaust rates,most areas on the second floor maintain visibility above 600 s for the critical time.Regarding CO concentration and temperature fields,the CO concentration in the corridor consistently remains below 0.14%,and the temperature does not reach 80 C,both staying within safe thresholds,with minimum safe evacuation times exceeding 600 s.In the room with the fire source,enhanced ventila-tion from fans leads to more thorough combustion of combustible materials,resulting in a maximum 10%increase in the accumulation rate of CO concentration and a peak temperature increase of 9.8%.This study provides data support for the fire design of future similar medical buildings,enhancing the fire design for similar mobile medical facilities.

关 键 词：方舱医院 FDS 排烟速率 能见度 

分 类 号：TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]