技术全面包围生命:马尔库塞与福柯的技术政治批判  

Technology Surrounds Life:Marcuse and Foucault’s Critique of Technopolitics

作　　者：赵庆波 ZHAO Qingbo(School of Marxism,Wuxi University,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214000,China)

机构地区：[1]无锡学院马克思主义学院,江苏无锡214000

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2024年第6期19-25,34,共8页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA019)。

摘　　要：马尔库塞与福柯认为,资本主义的统治既不是简单通过虚假理念来控制人的观念和意识,也不是简单依靠法律和暴力来维持其统治,而是凭借技术来构建其高效统治的。资本主义所发明的各种技术政治机制并不相互否定、排斥,它们有着各自独特的程序和策略,相互链接、相互支撑,最终实现了对生命的全面包围。生命的整个历程进入了由技术所构建的政治、经济结构之中,成为了可被管理、生产和装备的资源物。面对主体生命被技术所塑造、操纵的现状,马尔库塞与福柯认为积极探索一种超越资本主义技术实践所塑造的主体性形式,是反抗资本主义技术控制的真正出路。马尔库塞企图发展一种激进的、非顺从的政治实践来打破资本主义技术对人的控制,而福柯则通过抵抗式斗争和生存美学来突破技术对主体生命的支配。Marcuse and Foucault point out that the domination of capitalism is neither simply the control of human concepts and consciousness through false ideas,nor does it simply rely on law and violence to maintain its domination,but rather it constructs its efficient domination by virtue of technology.The various technologized political mechanisms devised by capitalism do not negate or exclude each other;but they possess their own unique procedures and strategies.In a way that is interlinked and mutually supportive,they ultimately realize the total surrounding of life.Therefore,the entire course of life enters into the political and economic structures constructed by technology and becomes a resource that can be managed,produced and equipped.In response to the present scenario where subjective life is shaped and manipulated by technology,Marcuse and Foucault argue that actively exploring a form of subjectivity that transcends the shaping of capitalist technological practices is the true way out of capitalist technological control.Marcuse attempts to develop a radical,non-conformist political practice to shatter the grip of capitalist technology over human beings,while Foucault breaks through the domination of technology over the life of the subject through resistant struggle and aesthetics of existence.

关 键 词：技术统治 生物性生命 主体性 马尔库塞 福柯 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]