论数据基础制度的理论前提:从理性人假设到社会人假设  

Theoretical Premise of Basic Data Institutions:From Economic Man Hypothesis to Social Man Hypothesis

作　　者：叶宣含 YE Xuanhan(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2024年第6期44-55,共12页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：数字经济扩大了理性人假设与现实人类形象的差距,导致理性人假设下的数据基础制度远离社会现实。且该假设蕴含的个人主义与数据基础制度追求社会福利最大化的功利主义和集体主义存在冲突。对此,数据基础制度的理论前提应从理性人假设转向社会人假设,映射法律主体的复杂本性,并树立导向数据合作的行为标准。社会人不仅基于个体理性追求个人利益,还基于集体理性考虑他人利益和社会目标。立足于社会人假设,数据基础制度应维护公平、高效的数据合作秩序,并平衡数据利己主义与数据利他主义、个人主义与集体主义这两对基本价值,最终形成合理的数据利益分配机制,规制妨碍数据合作的行为和不公平的数据合作行为。The digital economy has widened the gap between the Economic Man Hypothesis and the real human image,so that basic data institutions under the Economic Man Hypothesis will be far from the social reality.Moreover,the individualism embedded in this hypothesis conflicts with the utilitarianism and collectivism of basic data institutions in pursuit of maximizing social welfare.In this regard,the theoretical premise of basic data institutions should be shifted from Economic Man Hypothesis to Social Man Hypothesis,which reflects the complex nature of human beings in the digital economy and establishes a behavioral standard oriented to data cooperation.Social Man Hypothesis not only pursues individual economic interests based on individual rationality,but also considers the interests of others and social goals based on collective rationality.Under this framework,data institutions must uphold a just and efficient order for data cooperation,striking a delicate balance between the dual values of basic data egoism and altruism,as well as individualism and collectivism.This equilibrium will ultimately give rise to a rational framework for allocating data benefits,while mitigating and regulating instances of detrimental or unfair data cooperation practices.

关 键 词：理性人假设 社会人假设 数据合作秩序 数据基础制度 利己主义 利他主义 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]